E-moderating: the key to teaching and learning online
01 Jan 2003-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a 5-stage model for e-moderating in the 21st century, including five stages of 5-stages: 1. E-moders' qualities and roles 2. 5 stage model (text) 3. 3.5-stage model (21st century technologies) 4. Training emoderators 6. Developing skills 7. Participants' experience 8.
Abstract: I. Concepts and Cases 1. E-moderating 2. 5 stage model (text) 3. 5 stage model (21st century technologies) 4. E-moderating qualities and roles 5. Training e-moderators 6. Developing E-moderating skills 7. Participants' experience 8. Future e-moderating II. Resources for Practitioners Scaffolding online learning Achieving online socialisation Achieving knowledge sharing Developing e-moderators Costs Summarising and Weaving Taming Online time Promoting cultural understandings Creating presence Housekeeping Promoting Active Participation Assessing learning Evaluating conferencing E-moderating for synchronous conferencing E-moderating for virtual worlds E-moderating for Podcasting Monitoring E-moderating Encouraging self-managing groups Helping online novices Understanding lurking What's going on? What will we call ourselves? Communicating online References Index
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TL;DR: A tool developed for the purpose of assessing teaching presence in online courses that make use of computer conferencing is presented, and preliminary results from the use of this tool are revealed.
Abstract: This paper presents a tool developed for the purpose of assessing teaching presence in online courses that make use of computer conferencing, and preliminary results from the use of this tool. The method of analysis is based on Garrison, Anderson, and Archer’s [1] model of critical thinking and practical inquiry in a computer conferencing context. The concept of teaching presence is constitutively defined as having three categories – design and organization, facilitating discourse, and direct instruction. Indicators that we search for in the computer conference transcripts identify each category. Pilot testing of the instrument reveals interesting differences in the extent and type of teaching presence found in different graduate level online courses.
1,424 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis of the experimental literature of distance education (DE) compares different types of interaction treatments (ITs) with other DE instructional treatments, which are intended to facilitate student-student (SS), student-teacher (ST), or student-content (SC) interactions.
Abstract: This meta-analysis of the experimental literature of distance education (DE) compares different types of interaction treatments (ITs) with other DE instructional treatments. ITs are the instructional and/or media conditions designed into DE courses, which are intended to facilitate student–student (SS), student– teacher (ST), or student–content (SC) interactions. Seventy-four DE versus DE studies that contained at least one IT are included in the meta-analysis, which yield 74 achievement effects. The effect size valences are structured so that the IT or the stronger IT (i.e., in the case of two ITs) serve as the experimental condition and the other treatment, the control condition. Effects are categorized as SS, ST, or SC. After adjustment for methodological quality, the overall weighted average effect size for achievement is 0.38 and is heterogeneous. Overall, the results support the importance of the three types of ITs and strength of ITs is found to be associated with increasing achievement outcomes. A strong association is found between strength and achievement for asynchronous DE courses compared to courses containing mediated synchronous or face-to-face interaction. The results are interpreted in terms of increased cognitive engagement that is presumed to be promoted by strengthening ITs in DE courses.
843 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of using e-learning in teaching in tertiary institutions is investigated by reviewing some contributions made by various researchers and institutions on the concept of elearning, particularly its usage in teaching and learning in higher educational institutions.
Abstract: This study investigates the effectiveness of using e-learning in teaching in tertiary institutions. In institutions of higher education, the issue of utilizing modern information and communication technologies for teaching and learning is very important. This study reviews literature and gives a scholarly background to the study by reviewing some contributions made by various researchers and institutions on the concept of e-learning, particularly its usage in teaching and learning in higher educational institutions. It unveils some views that people and institutions have shared globally on the adoption and integration of e-learning technologies in education through surveys and other observations. It looks at the meaning or definitions of e-learning as given by different researchers and the role that e-learning plays in higher educational institutions in relation to teaching and learning processes, and the advantages and disadvantages of its adoption and implemention.
698 citations
TL;DR: This paper will highlight current theories of learning and critically analyse connectivism within the context of its predecessors, to establish if it has anything new to offer as a learning theory or as an approach to teaching for the 21st Century.
Abstract: Siemens and Downes initially received increasing attention in the blogosphere in 2005 when they discussed their ideas concerning distributed knowledge. An extended discourse has ensued in and around the status of ‘connectivism’ as a learning theory for the digital age. This has led to a number of questions in relation to existing learning theories. Do they still meet the needs of today’s learners, and anticipate the needs of learners of the future? Would a new theory that encompasses new developments in digital technology be more appropriate, and would it be suitable for other aspects of learning, including in the traditional class room, in distance education and e-learning? This paper will highlight current theories of learning and critically analyse connectivism within the context of its predecessors, to establish if it has anything new to offer as a learning theory or as an approach to teaching for the 21st Century.
637 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of research on AI applications in higher education through a systematic review, focusing on four areas of AIEd applications in academic support services, and institutional and administrative services: 1. profiling and prediction, 2. assessment and evaluation, adaptive systems and personalisation, and 4. intelligent tutoring systems.
Abstract: According to various international reports, Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) is one of the currently emerging fields in educational technology. Whilst it has been around for about 30 years, it is still unclear for educators how to make pedagogical advantage of it on a broader scale, and how it can actually impact meaningfully on teaching and learning in higher education. This paper seeks to provide an overview of research on AI applications in higher education through a systematic review. Out of 2656 initially identified publications for the period between 2007 and 2018, 146 articles were included for final synthesis, according to explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. The descriptive results show that most of the disciplines involved in AIEd papers come from Computer Science and STEM, and that quantitative methods were the most frequently used in empirical studies. The synthesis of results presents four areas of AIEd applications in academic support services, and institutional and administrative services: 1. profiling and prediction, 2. assessment and evaluation, 3. adaptive systems and personalisation, and 4. intelligent tutoring systems. The conclusions reflect on the almost lack of critical reflection of challenges and risks of AIEd, the weak connection to theoretical pedagogical perspectives, and the need for further exploration of ethical and educational approaches in the application of AIEd in higher education.
520 citations