scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Early diagnosis and detection of breast cancer.

01 Jan 2018-Technology and Health Care (Technol Health Care)-Vol. 26, Iss: 4, pp 729-759
TL;DR: It can be concluded that the use of a computer system for tumor diagnosis in mammogram based on various methods of image processing can help doctors in decision-making, while theUse of thermal imaging in the pre-screening phase would significantly reduce the list of women for screening mammograms.
Abstract: Background Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. It is often characterized by a lack of early symptoms, which results in late detection of the disease. Detection at advanced stages of the decease implies the treatment is more difficult and uncertain. The appropriate screening programs have been conducted within the organized preventive examinations and have made significant contributions to the early breast cancer detection. Objective It is necessary to improve the screening process in order to reduce the percentage of female population that is not covered by screening programs and increase the number of early-detected breast cancers. The improvement of the screening program may be reflected in the following: more efficient determination of the list of the women who have to undergo preventive examination, introduction of screening program in thermography as a diagnostic method applied in pre-screening stage, more efficient analysis of mammograms and continuous follow up of patients. Methods The identification of target population for breast cancer screening program has been based on the age of women. The improvement of the early breast cancer diagnosis process proposed in this paper is reflected in more efficient determination of the group of women who have to undergo preventive examination based on the factors affecting the occurrence of breast cancer. Inclusion of the pre-screening phase in which thermal imaging could be applied and software support to mammographic detection of tumor are suggested. Results This paper describes the breast cancer, current screening program and techniques for early-stage breast cancer detection, module of medical information system MEDIS.NET for creating screening list based on the analysis of risk factors affecting the occurrence of breast cancer, mammography and role of thermal imaging in the process of early breast cancer detection. It also presents an overview on important achievements in computer-aided detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in mammography and thermography. Conclusions Based on the obtained results, dynamics of preventive examinations for particular groups of women that is different from the standard two-year examinations, can be successfully defined. It can be concluded that the use of a computer system for tumor diagnosis in mammogram based on various methods of image processing can help doctors in decision-making, while the use of thermal imaging in the pre-screening phase would significantly reduce the list of women for screening mammograms.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Taken together, Quinic acid conjugated N-CQDs exhibited promising properties such as excellent luminescent properties and high tumor accumulation, suggesting that they could be excellent candidates as multifunctional theranostic agents.

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results obtained suggest the possibility to identify endogenous metabolites as a platform to discovery potential BC biomarkers and paves a way to explore the related metabolomic pathways in order to improve BC diagnostic tools.
Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is positioned as the second among all cancers remaining at the top of women´s diseases worldwide followed by colorectum, lung, cervix, and thyroid cancers. The main drawback of most the screening/diagnostic methods is their low sensitivity/specificity and in some cases the invasive procedure required to obtain the samples. On the present investigation, we report a statistical design was to evaluate by central composite design the influence towards the optimization of the most significant variables of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) procedure for the isolation of volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) from urine of BC patients (N = 31) and healthy individuals (CTL; N = 40). The establishment of the urinary volatomic composition, through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, can boost the identification of volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) potential BC biomarkers useful to be used together or to complement the current BC diagnostics tools. Better early detection methods are needed to improve the outcomes of patients with BC. Several combinations of experiments were considered with a central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) for the urinary volatomic pattern. Three-level three-factor CCD was employed assessing the most important extraction-influencing variables—fiber coating, NaCl amount, extraction time and temperature. The optimal conditions were achieved using a carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber with 15% (w/v) NaCl during 75 min at 50 °C. A total of ten VOMs belonging to sulfur compounds, terpenoids and carbonyl compounds presented the highest contribution towards discrimination of BC patients from CTL (variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1, p < 0.05). The discrimination efficiency and accuracy of urinary metabolites was ascertained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis that allowed the identification of some metabolites with highest sensitivity and specificity to discriminate the groups. The results obtained with this approach suggest the possibility to identify endogenous metabolites as a platform to discovery potential BC biomarkers and paves a way to explore the related metabolomic pathways in order to improve BC diagnostic tools.

27 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in breast cancer pathology is discussed, including the regulation, biological function, signaling pathways, and clinical utility of abnormally expressed snoRNAs in BC.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There have been substantial advancements in optical spectroscopy-based imaging techniques in recent years as mentioned in this paper, and these developments can potentially herald a transformational change in the diagnostic path of medical imaging.
Abstract: There have been substantial advancements in optical spectroscopy-based imaging techniques in recent years. These developments can potentially herald a transformational change in the diagnostic path...

17 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental data strongly suggest that estrogens have a role in the development and growth of breast cancer and the alkylation of cellular molecules and the generation of new breast cancer cells.
Abstract: The connection between breast cancer and estrogen has been recognized for more than 100 years, since George Beatson demonstrated that bilateral oophorectomy resulted in the remission of breast cancer in premenopausal women.1 Subsequent evidence has implicated both endogenous and exogenous estrogen in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this article, we review the relation between estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. Estrogen and Breast Carcinogenesis Experimental data strongly suggest that estrogens have a role in the development and growth of breast cancer.2 Although the exact mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, the alkylation of cellular molecules and the generation . . .

1,074 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Apr 1991-JAMA
TL;DR: To quantify the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on breast cancer risk, a combined dose-response slopes of the relative risk of breast cancer against the duration of estrogen use across 16 studies was combined.
Abstract: To quantify the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on breast cancer risk, we combined dose-response slopes of the relative risk of breast cancer against the duration of estrogen use across 16 studies. Using this summary dose-response slope, we calculated the proportional increase in risk of breast cancer for each year of estrogen use. For women who experienced any type of menopause, risk did not appear to increase until after at least 5 years of estrogen use. After 15 years of estrogen use, we found a 30% increase in the risk of breast cancer (relative risk, 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 1.6). The increase in risk was largely due to results of studies that included premenopausal women or women using estradiol (with or without progestin), studies for which the estimated relative risk was 2.2 (CI, 1.4 to 3.4) after 15 years. Among women with a family history of breast cancer, those who had ever used estrogen replacement had a significantly higher risk (3.4; CI, 2.0 to 6.0) than those who had not (1.5; CI, 1.2 to 1.7). (JAMA. 1991;265:1985-1990)

619 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of SVM to outperform several well-known methods developed for the widely studied problem of MC detection suggests that SVM is a promising technique for object detection in a medical imaging application.
Abstract: We investigate an approach based on support vector machines (SVMs) for detection of microcalcification (MC) clusters in digital mammograms, and propose a successive enhancement learning scheme for improved performance. SVM is a machine-learning method, based on the principle of structural risk minimization, which performs well when applied to data outside the training set. We formulate MC detection as a supervised-learning problem and apply SVM to develop the detection algorithm. We use the SVM to detect at each location in the image whether an MC is present or not. We tested the proposed method using a database of 76 clinical mammograms containing 1120 MCs. We use free-response receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate detection performance, and compare the proposed algorithm with several existing methods. In our experiments, the proposed SVM framework outperformed all the other methods tested. In particular, a sensitivity as high as 94% was achieved by the SVM method at an error rate of one false-positive cluster per image. The ability of SVM to outperform several well-known methods developed for the widely studied problem of MC detection suggests that SVM is a promising technique for object detection in a medical imaging application.

574 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The performance and environmental requirements in characterizing thermography as being used for breast tumor screening under strict indoor controlled environmental conditions are discussed and potential errors and misinterpretations of the data derived from thermal imagers are considered.

402 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From a systematic literature review of European trend studies, the best ‘European’ estimate of breast cancer mortality reduction is 25–31% for women invited for screening, and 38–48% for Women actually screened.
Abstract: Objectives To assess the impact of population-based mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality in Europe, considering different methodologies and limitations of the data. Methods We conducte ...

392 citations