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Journal Article•DOI•

Ecogenotoxicology in earthworms: A review

Paule Vasseur1, Marc Bonnard2•
University of Lorraine1, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne2
01 Apr 2014-Current Zoology (The Oxford University Press)-Vol. 60, Iss: 2, pp 255-272
TL;DR: The first biomarker relating to genotoxicant exposure in earthworms from multi-contaminated soils reported is DNA adducts measurements, and it has been replaced by DNA breakage measured by the Comet assay, now more commonly used.
Abstract: Pollutant dynamics and bioavailability greatly differ in soil and aquatic systems. Therefore, specific approaches and models are needed to assess the impact of soil contamination to terrestrial ecosystems. Earthworms among other soil inverte- brates have received more attention because of their ecological importance. They represent a dominant part of the soil biomass and are soil engineers regulating important soil processes, notably fertilization. The release in soils of pollutants known for their persistence and/or their toxicity is a concern. Exposure of terrestrial species to pollutants that may alter genomic function has be- come an increasing topic of research in the last decade. Indeed, genome disturbances due to genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may impair growth, as well as reproduction and population dynamics in the long term. Despite their importance in gene expres- sion, epigenetic mechanisms are not yet understood in soil invertebrates. Until now, pollutant-induced changes in genome ex- pression in natural biota are still being studied through structural alteration of DNA. The first biomarker relating to genotoxicant exposure in earthworms from multi-contaminated soils reported is DNA adducts measurements. It has been replaced by DNA breakage measured by the Comet assay, now more commonly used. Functional genomic changes are now being explored owing to molecular "omic" technologies. Approaches, objectives and results are overviewed herein. The focus is on studies dealing with genotoxicity and populational effects established from environmentally-relevant experiments and in situ studies (Current Zoology 60 (2): 255-272, 2014).
Citations
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Journal Article•DOI•
The Comet Assay and its applications in the field of ecotoxicology: a mature tool that continues to expand its perspectives

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Joaquín de Lapuente, Joana Lourenço1, Sónia Mendo1, Miquel Borràs, Marta Martins2, Pedro M. Costa2, Mário Pacheco1 •
University of Aveiro1, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa2
04 Jun 2015-Frontiers in Genetics
TL;DR: This document is intended to be a comprehensive review of what has been published to date on the field of ecotoxicology, aiming at showing the most relevant experimental models used as bioindicator models both in the laboratory and in the field.
Abstract: Since Singh and colleagues, in 1988, launched to the scientific community the alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) protocol, or Comet Assay, its uses and applications has been increasing. The thematic areas of its current employment in the evaluation of genetic toxicity are vast, either in vitro or in vivo, both in the laboratory and in the environment, terrestrial or aquatic. It has been applied to a wide range of experimental models: bacteria, fungi, cells culture, arthropods, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and humans. This document is intended to be a comprehensive review of what has been published to date on the field of ecotoxicology, aiming at the following main aspects: (i) to show the most relevant experimental models used as bioindicators both in the laboratory and in the field. Fishes are clearly the most adopted group, reflecting their popularity as bioindicator models, as well as a primary concern over the aquatic environment health. Amphibians are among the most sensitive organisms to environmental changes, mainly due to an early aquatic-dependent development stage and a highly permeable skin. Moreover, in the terrestrial approach, earthworms, plants or mammalians are excellent organisms to be used as experimental models for genotoxic evaluation of pollutants, complex mix of pollutants and chemicals, in both laboratory and natural environment. (ii) To review the development and modifications of the protocols used and the cell types (or tissues) used. The most recent developments concern the adoption of the enzyme linked assay (digestion with lesion-specific repair endonucleases) and prediction of the ability to repair of oxidative DNA damage, which is becoming a widespread approach, albeit challenging. For practical/technical reasons, blood is the most common choice but tissues/cells like gills, sperm cells, early larval stages, coelomocytes, liver or kidney have been also used. (iii) To highlight correlations with other biomarkers. (i

103 citations

Cites background or methods from "Ecogenotoxicology in earthworms: A ..."

  • ...This partially accounts for the surprisingly mild effects frequently observed in areas which chemical analysis have shown to be heavily polluted (Alexander and Alexander, 2000; Borràs and Nadal, 2004; Vasseur and Bonnard, 2014)....

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  • ...Several earthworms comparative studies have been performed (Vasseur and Bonnard, 2014)....

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  • ..., 1996), and since then has been extensively revised (Cotelle and Férard, 1999; EspinosaReyes et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2010; Atli Şekeroglu et al., 2011; Lionetto et al., 2012; Andem et al., 2013; Vernile et al., 2013; Fujita et al., 2014; Vasseur and Bonnard, 2014; Zhang et al., 2014)....

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  • ...For these reasons, toxicity to terrestrial species cannot be directly extrapolated from aquatic species, meaning that specific approaches and models are needed to assess the impact of soil pollutants on terrestrial biota (Vasseur and Bonnard, 2014)....

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  • ...…for lethality and reproduction ecotoxicology studies; however, other species have been used, as for instance A. caliginosa (Klobučar et al., 2011), Lumbricus terrestris, L. rubellus (Spurgeon et al., 2003), D. rubidus and M. benhami (Fourie et al., 2007), among others (Vasseur and Bonnard, 2014)....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Assessing bioavailability of complex chemical mixtures in contaminated soils: Progress made and research needs.

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Sabrina Cipullo1, George Prpich1, Pablo Campo1, Frederic Coulon1•
Cranfield University1
15 Feb 2018-Science of The Total Environment
TL;DR: This review focuses on the role of biotic and abiotic factors affecting bioavailability along with soil physicochemical properties and contaminant composition and the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction techniques.

69 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Oxidative stress and gene expression of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) to clothianidin.

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Tong Liu1, Xiuguo Wang1, Xiangwei You1, Chen Dan1, Yiqiang Li1, Fenglong Wang1 •
Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore1
01 Aug 2017-Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
TL;DR: The present results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD), DNA damage and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) may be good indicators for environmental risk assessment of clothianidin to earthworms.

51 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Evaluation of acetamiprid-induced genotoxic and oxidative responses in Eisenia fetida.

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Bing Li1, Xiaoming Xia1, Jinhua Wang1, Lusheng Zhu1, Jun Wang1, Guangchi Wang1 •
Shandong Agricultural University1
15 Oct 2018-Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
TL;DR: The results suggest that the sub-chronic exposure of acetamiprid can cause oxidative stress and DNA damage of earthworm and change the activity of the anti-oxidant enzyme.

42 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Transcriptional responses of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) exposed to naphthenic acids in soil.

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Jie Wang1, Xiaofeng Cao1, Jinhua Sun, Liwei Chai1, Yi Huang1, Xiaoyan Tang1 •
Peking University1
01 Sep 2015-Environmental Pollution
TL;DR: Significant increases in ROS levels was observed in NAs exposure groups, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) genes were both up-regulated at low and medium exposure doses, which implied NAs might exert toxicity by oxidative stress.

35 citations

References
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Journal Article•DOI•
DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers

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John G. K. Williams, Anne R. Kubelik, Kenneth J. Livak, J. Antoni Rafalski1, Scott V. Tingey1 •
DuPont1
25 Nov 1990-Nucleic Acids Research
TL;DR: A new DNA polymorphism assay based on the amplification of random DNA segments with single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence is described, suggesting that these polymorphisms be called RAPD markers, after Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA.
Abstract: Molecular genetic maps are commonly constructed by analyzing the segregation of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) among the progeny of a sexual cross. Here we describe a new DNA polymorphism assay based on the amplification of random DNA segments with single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence. These polymorphisms, simply detected as DNA segments which amplify from one parent but not the other, are inherited in a Mendelian fashion and can be used to construct genetic maps in a variety of species. We suggest that these polymorphisms be called RAPD markers, after Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA.

13,764 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting.

[...]

Pieter Vos, René Cornelis Josephus Hogers, Marjo Bleeker, Martin Reijans, Theo van de Lee, Miranda Hornes, Adrie Friters, Jerina Pot, Johan Paleman, Martin Kuiper, Marc Zabeau 
01 Jan 1995-Nucleic Acids Research
TL;DR: The AFLP technique provides a novel and very powerful DNA fingerprinting technique for DNAs of any origin or complexity that allows the specific co-amplification of high numbers of restriction fragments.
Abstract: A novel DNA fingerprinting technique called AFLP is described. The AFLP technique is based on the selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments from a total digest of genomic DNA. The technique involves three steps: (i) restriction of the DNA and ligation of oligonucleotide adapters, (ii) selective amplification of sets of restriction fragments, and (iii) gel analysis of the amplified fragments. PCR amplification of restriction fragments is achieved by using the adapter and restriction site sequence as target sites for primer annealing. The selective amplification is achieved by the use of primers that extend into the restriction fragments, amplifying only those fragments in which the primer extensions match the nucleotides flanking the restriction sites. Using this method, sets of restriction fragments may be visualized by PCR without knowledge of nucleotide sequence. The method allows the specific co-amplification of high numbers of restriction fragments. The number of fragments that can be analyzed simultaneously, however, is dependent on the resolution of the detection system. Typically 50-100 restriction fragments are amplified and detected on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The AFLP technique provides a novel and very powerful DNA fingerprinting technique for DNAs of any origin or complexity.

12,960 citations

"Ecogenotoxicology in earthworms: A ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Among these, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Welsh and McClelland, 1990; Williams et al., 1990) and AFLP [amplified fragment length polymorphism, Vos et al. (1995)] have been mostly used in earthworms....

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Journal Article•DOI•
A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells

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Narendra P. Singh1, Michael T. McCoy1, Raymond R. Tice2, Edward L. Schneider1•
National Institutes of Health1, Brookhaven National Laboratory2
01 Mar 1988-Experimental Cell Research
TL;DR: Human lymphocytes were exposed to X-irradiation or treated with H2O2 and the extent of DNA migration was measured using a single-cell microgel electrophoresis technique under alkaline conditions and this technique appears to be sensitive and useful for detecting damage and repair in single cells.

10,170 citations

"Ecogenotoxicology in earthworms: A ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The method described by Singh et al. (1988) is commonly used....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers

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John Welsh, Michael McClelland1•
Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies1
01 Jan 1990-Nucleic Acids Research
TL;DR: The generality of the arbitrarily primed PCR method is demonstrated by application to twenty four strains from five species of Staphylococcus, eleven strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and three varieties of Oryza sativa.
Abstract: Simple and reproducible fingerprints of complex genomes can be generated using single arbitrarily chosen primers and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No prior sequence information is required. The method, arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR), involves two cycles of low stringency amplification followed by PCR at higher stringency. We show that strains can be distinguished by comparing polymorphisms in genomic fingerprints. The generality of the method is demonstrated by application to twenty four strains from five species of Staphylococcus, eleven strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and three varieties of Oryza sativa (rice).

5,472 citations

"Ecogenotoxicology in earthworms: A ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Among these, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Welsh and McClelland, 1990; Williams et al., 1990) and AFLP [amplified fragment length polymorphism, Vos et al. (1995)] have been mostly used in earthworms....

    [...]

  • ...Kautenburger (2006) analyzed the genetic variability of L. terrestris populations from different habitats in Western Germany using RAPD markers (Table IV)....

    [...]

  • ...RAPDs and AFLPs appeared as adequate markers to trace back the history of earthworm colonization (Dupont, 2009)....

    [...]

  • ...Among these, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Welsh and McClelland, 1990; Williams et al., 1990) and AFLP [amplified fragment length polymorphism, Vos et al....

    [...]

  • ...The AFLP technique, based on selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments from a total digest of genomic DNA, is now preferred, as it is more reproducible than RAPD....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Differential Display of Eukaryotic Messenger RNA by Means of the Polymerase Chain Reaction

[...]

Peng Liang1, Arthur B. Pardee1•
Harvard University1
14 Aug 1992-Science
TL;DR: A method to separate and clone individual messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by means of the polymerase chain reaction using a set of oligonucleotide primers, one being anchored to the polyadenylate tail of a subset of mRNAs, the other being short and arbitrary in sequence so that it anneals at different positions relative to the first primer.
Abstract: Effective methods are needed to identify and isolate those genes that are differentially expressed in various cells or under altered conditions. This report describes a method to separate and clone individual messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by means of the polymerase chain reaction. The key element is to use a set of oligonucleotide primers, one being anchored to the polyadenylate tail of a subset of mRNAs, the other being short and arbitrary in sequence so that it anneals at different positions relative to the first primer. The mRNA subpopulations defined by these primer pairs were amplified after reverse transcription and resolved on a DNA sequencing gel. When multiple primer sets were used, reproducible patterns of amplified complementary DNA fragments were obtained that showed strong dependence on sequence specificity of either primer.

5,254 citations

"Ecogenotoxicology in earthworms: A ..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ..., 1992), subtractive hybridization technique [SSH, Sargent and Dawid (1983)], or differential display (Liang and Pardee, 1992)....

    [...]

  • ...…expression) without any knowledge of the genome sequence in pioneering studies required the use of RNA-arbitrarilyprimed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR, Welsh et al., 1992), subtractive hybridization technique [SSH, Sargent and Dawid (1983)], or differential display (Liang and Pardee, 1992)....

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Related Papers (5)
A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells

[...]

01 Mar 1988-Experimental Cell Research
Narendra P. Singh, Michael T. McCoy, Raymond R. Tice, Edward L. Schneider 
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding

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07 May 1976-Analytical Biochemistry
Marion M. Bradford
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01 Jan 1991-Laboratory Animals
George S. Eyambe, Arthur J. Goven, Lloyd C. Fitzpatrick, Barney J. Venables, Edwin L. Cooper 
The comet assay as biomarker of heavy metal genotoxicity in earthworms.

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01 Feb 2004-Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Sophie A. Reinecke, Adriaan J. Reinecke
DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by imidacloprid exposure in the earthworm Eisenia fetida.

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01 Feb 2016-Chemosphere
Juan Wang, Jinhua Wang, Guangchi Wang, Lusheng Zhu, Jun Wang