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Ecological Economics: Principles And Applications

TL;DR: For example, the authors defines a transdiscipline that incorporates insights from the biological, physical, and social sciences, and offers a pedagogically complete examination of this exciting new field.
Abstract: Conventional economics is increasingly criticized for failing to reflect the value of clean air and water, species diversity, and social and generational equity. By excluding biophysical and social reality from its analyses and equations, conventional economics seems ill-suited to address problems in a world characterized by increasing human impacts and decreasing natural resources. Ecological Economics is an introductory-level textbook for an emerging paradigm that addresses this fundamental flaw in conventional economics. The book defines a revolutionary "transdiscipline" that incorporates insights from the biological, physical, and social sciences, and it offers a pedagogically complete examination of this exciting new field. The book provides students with a foundation in traditional neoclassical economic thought, but places that foundation within a new interdisciplinary framework that embraces the linkages among economic growth, environmental degradation, and social inequity. Introducing the three core issues that are the focus of the new transdiscipline -- scale, distribution, and efficiency -- the book is guided by the fundamental question, often assumed but rarely spoken in traditional texts: What is really important to us? After explaining the key roles played by the earth's biotic and abiotic resources in sustaining life, the text is then organized around the main fields in traditional economics: microeconomics, macroeconomics, and international economics. The book also takes an additional step of considering the policy implications of this line of thinking. Ecological Economics includes numerous features that make it accessible to a wide range of students: more than thirty text boxes that highlight issues of special importance to students; lists of key terms that help students organize the main points in each chapter; concise definitions of new terms that are highlighted in the text for easy reference; study questions that encourage student exploration beyond the text; glossary and list of further readings; An accompanying workbook presents an innovative, applied problem-based learning approach to teaching economics. While many books have been written on ecological economics, and several textbooks describe basic concepts of the field, this is the only stand-alone textbook that offers a complete explanation of both theory and practice. It will serve an important role in educating a new generation of economists and is an invaluable new text for undergraduate and graduate courses in ecological economics, environmental economics, development economics, human ecology, environmental studies, sustainability science, and community development.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a revised definition of the circular economy is proposed, where planning, resourcing, procurement, production and reprocessing are designed and managed, as both process and output, to maximize ecosystem functioning and human well-being.
Abstract: There have long been calls from industry for guidance in implementing strategies for sustainable development. The Circular Economy represents the most recent attempt to conceptualize the integration of economic activity and environmental wellbeing in a sustainable way. This set of ideas has been adopted by China as the basis of their economic development (included in both the 11th and the 12th ‘Five Year Plan’), escalating the concept in minds of western policymakers and NGOs. This paper traces the conceptualisations and origins of the Circular Economy, tracing its meanings, and exploring its antecedents in economics and ecology, and discusses how the Circular Economy has been operationalized in business and policy. The paper finds that while the Circular Economy places emphasis on the redesign of processes and cycling of materials, which may contribute to more sustainable business models, it also encapsulates tensions and limitations. These include an absence of the social dimension inherent in sustainable development that limits its ethical dimensions, and some unintended consequences. This leads us to propose a revised definition of the Circular Economy as “an economic model wherein planning, resourcing, procurement, production and reprocessing are designed and managed, as both process and output, to maximize ecosystem functioning and human well-being”.

1,641 citations


Cites background from "Ecological Economics: Principles An..."

  • ...By the 1980s, frustration with progress led to a second school of thought, Ecological Economics, separating itself and developing a more ecologicallycentred approach (Daly and Farley, 2004)....

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  • ...By the 1980s, frustration with progress led to a second school of thought, Ecological Economics, separating itself and developing a more ecologically-centred approach (Daly and Farley 2004)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify seven generic policy-relevant principles for enhancing the resilience of desired ES in the face of disturbance and ongoing change in social-ecological systems (SES).
Abstract: Enhancing the resilience of ecosystem services (ES) that underpin human well-being is critical for meeting current and future societal needs, and requires specific governance and management policies. Using the literature, we identify seven generic policy-relevant principles for enhancing the resilience of desired ES in the face of disturbance and ongoing change in social-ecological systems (SES). These principles are (P1) maintain diversity and redundancy, (P2) manage connectivity, (P3) manage slow variables and feedbacks, (P4) foster an understanding of SES as complex adaptive systems (CAS), (P5) encourage learning and experimentation, (P6) broaden participation, and (P7) promote polycentric governance systems. We briefly define each principle, review how and when it enhances the resilience of ES, and conclude with major research gaps. In practice, the principles often co-occur and are highly interdependent. Key future needs are to better understand these interdependencies and to operationalize and apply...

872 citations


Cites background from "Ecological Economics: Principles An..."

  • ...The classic concept of economic equilibrium is based on negative feedback: Any increase in production drives down prices, which will, in turn, reduce production if it is above the optimal level of profitability (75)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Ecosystem Services Journal as mentioned in this paper is aimed at scientists and policy analysts who consider contributing to better knowledge and better use of that knowledge about ecosystem services, including knowledge of the ecological systems that provide the services, the economic systems that benefit from them, and the institutions that need to develop effective codes for a sustainable use.
Abstract: The Ecosystem Services Journal starts in 2012 with a formidable basis in the reports and books from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and TEEB projects. Following a half-century history of growing awareness and associated scientific based policy development a bridging concept with natural and social science notions was developed and coined “ecosystem services”. The agenda for the journal Ecosystem Services, presented in this introductory paper to the Journal Ecosystem Services is aimed at scientists and policy analysts who consider contributing to better knowledge and better use of that knowledge about ecosystem services. This should include knowledge of the ecological systems that provide the services, the economic systems that benefit from them, and the institutions that need to develop effective codes for a sustainable use. The agenda is derived from the experience of the authors in science and policy analysis and extended with some of the recommendations from the TEEB book for national and international policy making emphasising the science—policy—practice linkage, which is the philosophy of the Journal.

843 citations


Cites background from "Ecological Economics: Principles An..."

  • ...Initially, externalities were defined as unintended consequences on one agent of an economic activity carried out by another agent, for which no compensation occurred (see e.g., Pearce and Turner, 1990 or Daly and Farley, 2010.)....

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  • ...A distinction between monetisation and expressing ecosystem service values in monetary terms is proposed and discussed in De Groot et al. (2012) of Ecosystem Services. New methods, techniques and combinations of different methodological approaches (e.g., monetary, deliberative and multi-criteria methods) are looked for, to deal with the challenges of decreasing natural capital, increasing demand for provisioning, cultural and regulatory services at the same time in the same region and increasing involvement of stakeholders with wide ranging interests and preferences. Collaboration between ecologists and economists, including learning each other’s language, paradigms, methods and models, are considered mandatory to develop valuation techniques that are better suited to dealing with the above listed complexities of life on earth. The paper by De Groot et al. (2012) summarises the latest state-of-the-art regarding monetary valuation of the total bundle of ecosystem services provided by the main ecosystem types....

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  • ...A distinction between monetisation and expressing ecosystem service values in monetary terms is proposed and discussed in De Groot et al. (2012) of Ecosystem Services....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a framework to classify and quantify soil natural capital and ecosystem services is presented. But the ecosystem services and natural capital of soils are often not recognized and generally not well understood.

769 citations


Cites background from "Ecological Economics: Principles An..."

  • ...Authors (Costanza and Daly, 1992; Daly and Farley, 2003; de Groot et al., 2002; Ekins et al., 2003a) agree that natural capital yields ecosystem services but the nature of these ecosystem services is still debated in the literature (Costanza 2008; Fisher & Kerry Turner 2008; Wallace, 2007)....

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  • ...Ecological economist Herman Daly somewhat bravely presents an even broader contextualisation of human needs, in terms of his “end-means” spectrum (Daly and Farley, 2003)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To realise their full potential, NBS must be developed by including the experience of all relevant stakeholders such that 'solutions' contribute to achieving all dimensions of sustainability.

677 citations


Cites background from "Ecological Economics: Principles An..."

  • ...More recently, the use of ‘natural capital’, from thefields of applied ecology and ecological economics (Daly and Farley, 2011; Jansson, 1994; Costanza andDaly, 1992; Schumacher, 1973) and the idea of ‘ecosystem services’ has become widespread (Costanza et al., 1998; Daily, 1997; MA, 2005;…...

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  • ...More recently, the use of ‘natural capital’, from thefields of applied ecology and ecological economics (Daly and Farley, 2011; Jansson, 1994; Costanza andDaly, 1992; Schumacher, 1973) and the idea of ‘ecosystem services’ has become widespread (Costanza et al....

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