Economic Growth and the Environment
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2,904 citations
Cites background or result from "Economic Growth and the Environment..."
...There are several differences between the Harbaugh et al. (2002) model and the Stern and Common (2001) model that may explain the different results obtained for high income countries....
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...There are several differences between the Harbaugh et al. (2002) model and the Stern and Common (2001) model that may explain the different results obtained for high income countries. Harbaugh et al. (2002) use concentrations data, a linear time trend and a dynamic specification, while Stern and Common (2001) use emissions data, individual time dummies, and a static specification. Stern and Common’s (2001) first differences results (Table 2) are very similar to the Harbaugh et al.’s (2002) results, which suggests that the dynamic specification could be important. Millimet, List, and Stengos (2003) use a different strategy to test the robustness of the parametric EKC––comparing it to semi-parametric curves estimated using the same dataset for US states used by List and Gallet (1999). But they claim that parametric models are too pessimistic––finding high turning points––while their alternative semi-parametric models result in U-shaped curves with lower turning points. In addition, they reject the parametric specification in favor of the semi-parametric. But neither parametric nor semi-parametric curves seem to fit the observed data very well in the figures presented in the paper. Furthermore, results for individual states are varied, with the nitrogen dioxide curves mostly rising throughout the income range and many of the sulfur dioxide curves falling––the reverse of the national panel data results. These results could, therefore, be further evidence of the fragility of the EKC rather than evidence for a low turning point semi-parametric specification. In contrast to Harbaugh et al. (2002), Cole (2003b) claims that the EKC model is fairly robust....
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...There are several differences between the Harbaugh et al. (2002) model and the Stern and Common (2001) model that may explain the different results obtained for high income countries. Harbaugh et al. (2002) use concentrations data, a linear time trend and a dynamic specification, while Stern and Common (2001) use emissions data, individual time dummies, and a static specification. Stern and Common’s (2001) first differences results (Table 2) are very similar to the Harbaugh et al.’s (2002) results, which suggests that the dynamic specification could be important....
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...There are several differences between the Harbaugh et al. (2002) model and the Stern and Common (2001) model that may explain the different results obtained for high income countries. Harbaugh et al. (2002) use concentrations data, a linear time trend and a dynamic specification, while Stern and Common (2001) use emissions data, individual time dummies, and a static specification....
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...There are several differences between the Harbaugh et al. (2002) model and the Stern and Common (2001) model that may explain the different results obtained for high income countries. Harbaugh et al. (2002) use concentrations data, a linear time trend and a dynamic specification, while Stern and Common (2001) use emissions data, individual time dummies, and a static specification. Stern and Common’s (2001) first differences results (Table 2) are very similar to the Harbaugh et al.’s (2002) results, which suggests that the dynamic specification could be important. Millimet, List, and Stengos (2003) use a different strategy to test the robustness of the parametric EKC––comparing it to semi-parametric curves estimated using the same dataset for US states used by List and Gallet (1999)....
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2,882 citations
Cites background from "Economic Growth and the Environment..."
...Thus, the information 18 See Afsah et al. (1996), Dasgupta et al. (2000), Hartman et al. (1995), Hettige et al. (1996, 2000a), Huq and Wheeler (1992), Pargal and Wheeler (1996) and World Bank (1999)....
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...Grossman and Krueger (1995) also found it for SO2....
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...…sustainable development (O’Neill et al., 38 This is a secondary turning point (between income levels of US$10,000 and US$16,000; for instance, see Sengupta, 1997 and Dinda et al., 2000 and the footnotes in Grossman and Krueger, 1995) at which the levels of ambient air pollution tends to increase....
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...Thus, economic growth may not automatically lead to a higher environmental quality and only strong pressure for environmental policy39 may help in this regard (Grossman and Krueger, 1995)....
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...A meta-analysis is a statistical method of synthesizing results of similar empirical studies to determine whether credible conclusions about prior study results S. Dinda / Ecological E442 27 For example, the TPs of different air pollutants occur at income of less than US$8000 per capita income (Grossman and Krueger, 1995), below US$10,000 (Selden and Song, 1994), lead emission at US$7000 (Hilton and Levinson, 1998) and hazardous waste at US$23,000 (Wang et al., 1998), hydrocarbon emission at US$35,000 per capita income (Kahn, 1998), etc. 28 See Gawande et al. (2000, 2001), Bohara et al. (1999) and Berrens et al. (1997). can be made....
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References
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"Economic Growth and the Environment..." refers background in this paper
...Among the studies that followed this specification, we found: Shafik and Bandyopadhyay (1992), Hettige, Lucas and Wheeler (1992), Shafik (1994) and Rothman (1998), Kahn (1998) 2) Income per capita (y) and Population (P) Several models on the EKC hypothesis include population as an important variable, the most common specification includes population density (P) in a log-quadratic form....
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...Hettige, Lucas &Wheeler (1992) GDP/per US$ 1985 Toxic Intensity by GDP Toxic Intensity by par industrial output Quadratic U-inverted Quadratic 12790 na Global; Toxic intensity of 80 countries; Logarithm...
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18,200 citations
"Economic Growth and the Environment..." refers methods in this paper
...Similarly, Selden and Song (1995) show that the model specified by Forster (1977) implies an Environmental Kuznets Curve path for pollution and a “J-curve” for abatement....
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16,965 citations
16,852 citations
"Economic Growth and the Environment..." refers background in this paper
...Another channel through which inequality may affect environmental outcomes, but in an opposite direction, is by strengthening the power of the rich to impose environmental cost on the poor (Boyce 1994) and by reducing the ability of the society to reach cooperative solutions to environmental problems (Ostrom 1990)....
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