Economic Implications of Mandated Efficiency in Standards for Household Appliances
01 Jan 1980-The Energy Journal (International Association for Energy Economics)-Vol. 1, Iss: 4, pp 21-40
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective.
Abstract: Regulations which mandate appliance efficiency standards may be based on calculations which exaggerate the potential energy savings. Improved efficiency can, in fact, increase demand enough to be counterproductive unless the standards are applied selectively. As appliances improve, they are used more, new stock is demanded, and the demand for and use of related equipment increases. The policy implications of these empirical studies are that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective. 11 references, 5 figures, 2 tables. (DCK)
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.
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TL;DR: Psychologists must work with other scientists, technical experts, and policymakers to help citizens overcome psychological barriers that impede behavioral choices that would facilitate mitigation, adaptation, and environmental sustainability.
Abstract: Most people think climate change and sustainability are important problems, but too few global citizens engaged in high-greenhouse-gas-emitting behavior are engaged in enough mitigating behavior to stem the increasing flow of greenhouse gases and other environmental problems. Why is that? Structural barriers such as a climate-averse infrastructure are part of the answer, but psychological barriers also impede behavioral choices that would facilitate mitigation, adaptation, and environmental sustainability. Although many individuals are engaged in some ameliorative action, most could do more, but they are hindered by seven categories of psychological barriers, or “dragons of inaction”: limited cognition about the problem, ideological worldviews that tend to preclude pro-environmental attitudes and behavior, comparisons with key other people, sunk costs and behavioral momentum, discredence toward experts and authorities, perceived risks of change, and positive but inadequate behavior change. Structural barriers must be removed wherever possible, but this is unlikely to be sufficient. Psychologists must work with other scientists, technical experts, and policymakers to help citizens overcome these psychological barriers.
1,378 citations
TL;DR: The evidence in favour of Jevons Paradox is far from conclusive, but it does suggest that economywide rebound effects are larger than is conventionally assumed and that energy plays a more important role in driving productivity improvements and economic growth than is normally assumed as discussed by the authors.
860 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give rigorous definitions of the rebound effect not only in the well described single commodity case, but also for a multiple commodity case and show that the familiar laws for the single case do not hold for the multiple case.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a rigorous definition of the rebound effect, to clarify key conceptual issues and to highlight the potential consequences of various assumptions for empirical estimates of the effect.
768 citations
Cites methods from "Economic Implications of Mandated E..."
...Our approach is to develop and extend an equation originally introduced by Khazzoom (1980)....
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...Beginning with Khazzoom’s (1980) original definition of the rebound effect, we expose the limitations of three simplifying assumptions, on which this definition is based....
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...Our approach is to develop and extend an equation originally introduced by Khazzoom (1980). This relates the elasticity of energy demand (E) with respect to energy efficiency (ε ) to the elasticity of energy service demand (S) with respect to the total cost of the energy service ( ): S P...
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TL;DR: Energy: The Next Twenty Years as discussed by the authors identifies the fundamental realities that define the energy problem, distinguishing real concerns from numerous unreal dangers intruding into current discourse, and makes specific policy recommendations including the decontrol of oil and gas prices, reform of public utility prices, retention of the nuclear option, strong support for conservation and solar energy.
79 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of fuel prices on the fuel choice decisions by residential consumers for four important energy-usage categories for which consumers face two or more fuel alternatives: space heating, water heating, cooking, and clothes drying.
Abstract: able goods decision,2 they have not, in general, analyzed the fuel choice decision explicitly. In this paper we seek to estimate the effects of fuel prices on the fuel choice decisions by residential consumers for four important energy-usage categories for which consumers face two or more fuel alternatives: space heating, water heating, cooking, and clothes drying. These usage categories account for approximately 80% of the residential energy consumption in the United States.3 Our conceptualization of the fuel choice decision can be summarized in
19 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: The need for energy conservation in US buildings, industry and the transportation sector, the effects of the amount and cost of energy supplies on energy conservation, and goals of a national energy policy are discussed in this article.
Abstract: The need for energy conservation in US buildings, industry and the transportation sector, the effects of the amount and cost of energy supplies on energy conservation, and goals of a national energy policy are discussed. (LCL)
9 citations
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TL;DR: Schipper as mentioned in this paper states that the bottom line on energy conservation is: it costs less to conserve energy than to produce energy from any new sources, and that government intervention to speed up the process will probably be necessary, but should emphasize regulations that will affect the demand for energy rather than focusing on supply interests.
Abstract: Mr. Schipper states that the bottom line on energy conservation is: it costs less to conserve energy than to produce energy from any new sources. Conservation is defined in terms of economic efficiency involving the substitution of capital and other less-costly factors for energy, short-term changes in consumer behavior, and structural changes. Energy conservation is a continuous process that can be applied to manufacturing, buildings, and transportation and one in which the link to gross national product should be feasible. Mr. Schipper feels that, although the full social costs of producing and using energy should be covered by energy prices, this may not bring about the needed changes fast enough. Therefore, government intervention to speed up the process will probably be necessary, but should emphasize regulations that will affect the demand for energy rather than focusing on supply interests. 12 references.
8 citations