Ecosystem services in urban areas
Citations
3,007 citations
Cites background from "Ecosystem services in urban areas"
...For example, it is estimated that urban centers produce more than 78% of global greenhouse gases (Grimm et al. 2000) and that some cities in the Baltic region claim ecosystem support areas 500 to 1000 times their size (Boland & Hanhammer 1999)....
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2,151 citations
1,897 citations
Cites background from "Ecosystem services in urban areas"
...These roles include ecosystem services such as air and water purification (Bolund and Hunhammar 1999) and amenity values such as aesthetic enjoyment and recreation (Miller 2005, 2006)....
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1,264 citations
Cites background from "Ecosystem services in urban areas"
...…production, wetlands for nutrient cycling, and forests for carbon sequestration, urban ecosystems are especially important in providing services with direct impact on health and security such as air purification, noise reduction, urban cooling, and runoff mitigation (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999)....
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...Urban trees moderate local temperatures by providing humidity and shade (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999)....
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...Since the seminal article by Bolund and Hunhammar (1999) was published in this journal, a mounting body of literature has strived to advance our understanding of urban ecosystem services in their biophysical (Escobedo et al., 2011; Pataki et al., 2011), economic (Jim et al., 2009; Sander et al.,…...
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...Interception of rainfall by tree canopies slows down flooding effects and green pavements/soft lanes reduce the pressure on urban drainage systems by percolating water (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999; Pataki et al., 2011)....
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794 citations
Cites background from "Ecosystem services in urban areas"
...These concepts are being used increasingly as a way to link ecosystem structure and function to people’s quality of life in cities (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999; Dobbs et al., 2011; Jim and Chen, 2009; Lyytimäki and Sipilä, 2009; Tratalos et al., 2007; Young, 2010)....
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...Table 1 also provides a set of ecosystem services not usually addressed in studies of urban forests and pollutants but are directly relevant to urban quality of life (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999; Price, 2003)....
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...…example, in Nordic and northern Asian temperate countries shade tree effects and subsequent temperature services that enhance human quality of life might be less important than in subtropical America or Sub-Saharan Africa (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999; Jim and Chen, 2009; Popoola and Ajewole, 2001)....
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...For example, in Nordic and northern Asian temperate countries shade tree effects and subsequent temperature services that enhance human quality of life might be less important than in subtropical America or Sub-Saharan Africa (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999; Jim and Chen, 2009; Popoola and Ajewole, 2001)....
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...The use of ecosystem services as a concept and term is increasing in the urban forest and pollution literature (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999; Dobbs et al., 2011; Escobedo et al., 2010; Jim and Chen, 2009; McPherson et al., 1998; Nowak and Dwyer, 2000; Nowak et al., 2006; Paoletti, 2009; Price, 2003;…...
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References
18,139 citations
"Ecosystem services in urban areas" refers background in this paper
...Ecosystem services are defined as ‘‘the benefits human populations derive, directly or indirectly, from ecosystem functions’’ by Costanza et al. (1997) and they also identify 17 major categories of ecosystem services....
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...From the 17 groups of services listed by Costanza et al. (1997), six are considered to have a major importance in urban areas: air filtering (gas regulation), micro-climate regulation, noise reduction (disturbance regulation), rainwater drainage (water regulation), sewage treatment (waste…...
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...This corresponds to the study by Costanza et al. (1997) where wetlands were ranked as the most valuable terrestrial ecosystem per ha....
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