Editorial: Archaeobotany in the Wider Landscape
TL;DR: At the 23rd Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) in August to September 2017 in Maastricht, NL, two sessions explored how archaeobotanical analysis can be used to expl...
Abstract: At the 23rd Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) in August to September 2017 in Maastricht, NL, two sessions explored how archaeobotanical analysis can be used to expl...
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TL;DR: The collection of papers in this special issue arises from research presented at the 2016 and 2017 workshops in ‘Integrated Microscopy Approaches in Archaeobotany’ held at the University of Reading.
Abstract: The collection of papers in this special issue arose from the 2018 and 2019 workshops in Integrated Microscopy Approaches in Archaeobotany (henceforth IMAA), hosted by the University of Reading, UK...
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TL;DR: A history of Australasian phytolith research can be found in this paper , where the authors identify developments that have made phytologists a powerful tool in reconstructing past environments and human uses of plants.
Abstract: Abstract Although phytolith research has come of age in archaeology and palaeoecology internationally, it has remained relatively marginalised from mainstream practice in Australasia. The region’s initial isolation from international scientific communities and uniqueness of its vegetation communities, has led to an exclusive set of challenges and interruptions in phytolith research. Examining a history of Australasian phytolith research presents the opportunity to recognise developments that have made phytoliths a powerful tool in reconstructing past environments and human uses of plants. Phytolith research arrived early in Australia (1903), after a convoluted journey from Germany (1835–1895) and Europe (1895–1943), but phytoliths were initially misidentified as sponge spicules (1931–1959). Formal understanding of phytoliths and their applications began in Australasia during the late 1950s, continuing throughout the 1960s and 1970s (1959–1980). After a brief hiatus, the modern period of phytolith analyses in Australasian archaeological and palaeoenvironmental research began in the 1980s (1984–1992), focusing on investigating the deep past. Advancements continued into the 1990s and early 2000s. Wallis and Hart declared in 2003 that Australian phytolith research had finally come of age, but more a fitting description would be that it had peaked. Since then phytolith research in Australasia slowed down considerably (2005-present). Local phytolith reference collections for Australasian flora, critical for identifying ancient phytoliths, are essentially no longer produced.
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TL;DR: A novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour is presented, which recapitulates the main features of epithelial wound regeneration, and can be applied for testing wound healing therapies and investigating underlying mechanisms.
Abstract: A large body of literature is available on wound healing in humans. Nonetheless, a standardized ex vivo wound model without disruption of the dermal compartment has not been put forward with compelling justification. Here, we present a novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour. Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area. Upon six days of culture, the wound was covered with one to three-cell thick K14+Ki67+ keratinocyte layers, indicating that proliferation and migration were involved in wound closure. After eight to twelve days, a multi-layered epidermis was formed expressing epidermal differentiation markers (K10, filaggrin, DSG-1, CDSN). Investigations about immune cell-specific manners revealed more T cells in the blister roof epidermis compared to normal epidermis. We identified several cell populations in blister roof epidermis and suction blister fluid that are absent in normal epidermis which correlated with their decrease in the dermis, indicating a dermal efflux upon negative pressure. Together, our model recapitulates the main features of epithelial wound regeneration, and can be applied for testing wound healing therapies and investigating underlying mechanisms.
6,378 citations
TL;DR: The discovery of Lomekwi 3 is reported, a 3.3-million-year-old archaeological site where in situ stone artefacts occur in spatiotemporal association with Pliocene hominin fossils in a wooded palaeoenvironment and the name ‘Lomekwian’ is proposed, which predates the Oldowan by 700,000 years and marks a new beginning to the known archaeological record.
Abstract: Human evolutionary scholars have long supposed that the earliest stone tools were made by the genus Homo and that this technological development was directly linked to climate change and the spread of savannah grasslands. New fieldwork in West Turkana, Kenya, has identified evidence of much earlier hominin technological behaviour. We report the discovery of Lomekwi 3, a 3.3-million-year-old archaeological site where in situ stone artefacts occur in spatiotemporal association with Pliocene hominin fossils in a wooded palaeoenvironment. The Lomekwi 3 knappers, with a developing understanding of stone's fracture properties, combined core reduction with battering activities. Given the implications of the Lomekwi 3 assemblage for models aiming to converge environmental change, hominin evolution and technological origins, we propose for it the name 'Lomekwian', which predates the Oldowan by 700,000 years and marks a new beginning to the known archaeological record.
631 citations
423 citations
TL;DR: The first account of habitual tool use during vertebrate hunting by nonhumans is reported, at the Fongoli site in Senegal, and it is reported that females and immature chimpanzees exhibited this behavior more frequently than adult males.
395 citations
TL;DR: Moore et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a method for the identification of the most important genes in the Biology Department of the University of Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA, USA.
Abstract: Editor: Randy Moore, Biology Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, Phone: (502) 852-6490, E-mail: randy.moore@louisville.edu Managing Editor: Christine Chantry Associate Editor: Kris Collum Publisher: Wayne W. Carley Editorial Staff: Kay Acevedo, Carmen Altamirano, Cheryl Merrill ABT Produiction Office: 11250 Roger Bacon Drive, #19, Reston, VA 20190-5202, Phone: (703) 471-1134, Fax: (703) 435-5582, E-mail: NABTer@aol.com, Web site: www.nabt.org
322 citations