Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions
TL;DR: In this article, the authors collected and analyzed the body of work written mainly in scientific journals about diesel engine emissions when using biodiesel fuels as opposed to conventional diesel fuels, focusing on the most concerning emissions: nitric oxides and particulate matter.
About: This article is published in Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.The article was published on 2008-04-01. It has received 1768 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Diesel engine & Diesel fuel.
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TL;DR: In this article, a detailed review has been conducted to highlight different related aspects to the biodiesel industry, including, biodiesel feedstocks, extraction and production methods, properties and qualities of biodiesel, problems and potential solutions of using vegetable oil, advantages and disadvantages of biodies, the economical viability and finally the future of the future biodiesel.
Abstract: As the fossil fuels are depleting day by day, there is a need to find out an alternative fuel to fulfill the energy demand of the world. Biodiesel is one of the best available resources that have come to the forefront recently. In this paper, a detailed review has been conducted to highlight different related aspects to biodiesel industry. These aspects include, biodiesel feedstocks, extraction and production methods, properties and qualities of biodiesel, problems and potential solutions of using vegetable oil, advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel, the economical viability and finally the future of biodiesel. The literature reviewed was selective and critical. Highly rated journals in scientific indexes were the preferred choice, although other non-indexed publications, such as Scientific Research and Essays or some internal reports from highly reputed organizations such as International Energy Agency (IEA), Energy Information Administration (EIA) and British Petroleum (BP) have also been cited. Based on the overview presented, it is clear that the search for beneficial biodiesel sources should focus on feedstocks that do not compete with food crops, do not lead to land-clearing and provide greenhouse-gas reductions. These feedstocks include non-edible oils such as Jatropha curcas and Calophyllum inophyllum , and more recently microalgae and genetically engineered plants such as poplar and switchgrass have emerged to be very promising feedstocks for biodiesel production. It has been found that feedstock alone represents more than 75% of the overall biodiesel production cost. Therefore, selecting the best feedstock is vital to ensure low production cost. It has also been found that the continuity in transesterification process is another choice to minimize the production cost. Biodiesel is currently not economically feasible, and more research and technological development are needed. Thus supporting policies are important to promote biodiesel research and make their prices competitive with other conventional sources of energy. Currently, biodiesel can be more effective if used as a complement to other energy sources.
1,496 citations
Cites background from "Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel..."
...[127] reported that fatty acid alkyl sters (biodiesel) have improved lubrication characteristics, but hey can contribute to the formation of deposits, plugging of lters, depending mainly on degradability, glycerol (and other ≤0....
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...iodiesel has higher cetane number than conventional diesel fuel, hich results in higher combustion efficiency [124,127]....
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...higher CN indicates shorter time between the ignition and the nitiation of fuel injection into the combustion chamber [45,127]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of biodiesel on engine power, economy, durability and emissions including regulated and non-regulated emissions, and the corresponding effect factors are surveyed and analyzed in detail.
Abstract: As a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel for compression ignition engines, biodiesel instead of diesel has been increasingly fueled to study its effects on engine performances and emissions in the recent 10 years. But these studies have been rarely reviewed to favor understanding and popularization for biodiesel so far. In this work, reports about biodiesel engine performances and emissions, published by highly rated journals in scientific indexes, were cited preferentially since 2000 year. From these reports, the effect of biodiesel on engine power, economy, durability and emissions including regulated and non-regulated emissions, and the corresponding effect factors are surveyed and analyzed in detail. The use of biodiesel leads to the substantial reduction in PM, HC and CO emissions accompanying with the imperceptible power loss, the increase in fuel consumption and the increase in NOx emission on conventional diesel engines with no or fewer modification. And it favors to reduce carbon deposit and wear of the key engine parts. Therefore, the blends of biodiesel with small content in place of petroleum diesel can help in controlling air pollution and easing the pressure on scarce resources without significantly sacrificing engine power and economy. However, many further researches about optimization and modification on engine, low temperature performances of engine, new instrumentation and methodology for measurements, etc., should be performed when petroleum diesel is substituted completely by biodiesel.
1,181 citations
TL;DR: The use of non-edible plant oils is very significant because of the tremendous demand for edible oils as food source as mentioned in this paper, however, edible oils’ feedstock costs are far expensive to be used as fuel.
Abstract: World energy demand is expected to increase due to the expanding urbanization, better living standards and increasing population. At a time when society is becoming increasingly aware of the declining reserves of fossil fuels beside the environmental concerns, it has become apparent that biodiesel is destined to make a substantial contribution to the future energy demands of the domestic and industrial economies. There are different potential feedstocks for biodiesel production. Non-edible vegetable oils which are known as the second generation feedstocks can be considered as promising substitutions for traditional edible food crops for the production of biodiesel. The use of non-edible plant oils is very significant because of the tremendous demand for edible oils as food source. Moreover, edible oils’ feedstock costs are far expensive to be used as fuel. Therefore, production of biodiesel from non-edible oils is an effective way to overcome all the associated problems with edible oils. However, the potential of converting non-edible oil into biodiesel must be well examined. This is because physical and chemical properties of biodiesel produced from any feedstock must comply with the limits of ASTM and DIN EN specifications for biodiesel fuels. This paper introduces non-edible vegetable oils to be used as biodiesel feedstocks. Several aspects related to these feedstocks have been reviewed from various recent publications. These aspects include overview of non-edible oil resources, advantages of non-edible oils, problems in exploitation of non-edible oils, fatty acid composition profiles (FAC) of various non-edible oils, oil extraction techniques, technologies of biodiesel production from non-edible oils, biodiesel standards and characterization, properties and characteristic of non-edible biodiesel and engine performance and emission production. As a conclusion, it has been found that there is a huge chance to produce biodiesel from non-edible oil sources and therefore it can boost the future production of biodiesel.
1,017 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss in a general and comparative fashion aspects such as fuel production and energy balance, fuel properties, environmental effects including exhaust emissions and co-products, and what the effect of production scale may be.
842 citations
Cites background from "Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel..."
...420-P-02-001 [118] and a newer summary is also available [119]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the performance, emission and combustion of a diesel engine using neat rapeseed oil and its blends of 5, 20% and 70%, and standard diesel fuel separately were investigated.
646 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the production, characterization and current statuses of vegetable oil and biodiesel as well as the experimental research work carried out in various countries is presented.
2,891 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new HEI study showed that some low-emission diesel engines emit much higher concentrations of nanoparticles than older designs and other low-EMission designs, which has raised questions about whether nanoparticle (number based) emission standards should be imposed.
2,263 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the status of fat and oil derived diesel fuels with respect to fuel properties, engine performance, and emissions is reviewed, and it is concluded that the price of the feedstock fat or oil is the major factor determining biodiesel price.
1,869 citations
01 Jan 2004
1,143 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a phenomenological description of how direct-injection (DI) diesel combustion occurs has been derived from laser-sheet imaging and other recent optical data, which is summarized in a series of idealized schematics that depict the combustion process for a typical, modern-diesel-engine condition.
Abstract: A phenomenological description, or “conceptual model,” of how direct-injection (DI) diesel combustion occurs has been derived from laser-sheet imaging and other recent optical data. To provide background, the most relevant of the recent imaging data of the author and co-workers are presented and discussed, as are the relationships between the various imaging measurements. Where appropriate, other supporting data from the literature is also discussed. Then, this combined information is summarized in a series of idealized schematics that depict the combustion process for a typical, modern-diesel-engine condition. The schematics incorporate virtually all of the information provided by our recent imaging data including: liquidand vapor-fuel zones, fuel/air mixing, autoignition, reaction zones, and soot distributions. By combining all these elements, the schematics show the evolution of a reacting diesel fuel jet from the start of fuel injection up through the first part of the mixing-controlled burn (i.e. until the end of fuel injection). In addition, for a “developed” reacting diesel fuel jet during the mixingcontrolled burn, the schematics explain the sequence of events that occurs as fuel moves from the injector downstream through the mixing, combustion, and emissions-formation processes. The conceptual model depicted in these schematics also gives insight into the most likely mechanisms for soot formation and destruction and NO formation during the portion of the DI diesel combustion event discussed.
1,109 citations