Effect of caffeine ingestion on muscular strength and endurance: a meta-analysis.
01 Jul 2010-Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (Med Sci Sports Exerc)-Vol. 42, Iss: 7, pp 1375-1387
TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature assessing the effect of caffeine ingestion on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength and muscular endurance found it appears caffeine improves muscular endurance only when it is assessed using open end point tests.
Abstract: Purpose:Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature assessing the effect of caffeine ingestion on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength and muscular endurance.Methods:Thirty-four relevant studies between 1939 and 2008 were included in
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TL;DR: The scientific literature does not support caffeine-induced diuresis during exercise, or any harmful change in fluid balance that would negatively affect performance, and the literature is equivocal when considering the effects of caffeine supplementation on strength-power performance.
Abstract: Position Statement: The position of The Society regarding caffeine supplementation and sport performance is summarized by the following seven points: 1.) Caffeine is effective for enhancing sport performance in trained athletes when consumed in low-to-moderate dosages (~3-6 mg/kg) and overall does not result in further enhancement in performance when consumed in higher dosages (≥ 9 mg/kg). 2.) Caffeine exerts a greater ergogenic effect when consumed in an anhydrous state as compared to coffee. 3.) It has been shown that caffeine can enhance vigilance during bouts of extended exhaustive exercise, as well as periods of sustained sleep deprivation. 4.) Caffeine is ergogenic for sustained maximal endurance exercise, and has been shown to be highly effective for time-trial performance. 5.) Caffeine supplementation is beneficial for high-intensity exercise, including team sports such as soccer and rugby, both of which are categorized by intermittent activity within a period of prolonged duration. 6.) The literature is equivocal when considering the effects of caffeine supplementation on strength-power performance, and additional research in this area is warranted. 7.) The scientific literature does not support caffeine-induced diuresis during exercise, or any harmful change in fluid balance that would negatively affect performance.
482 citations
TL;DR: Repeated administration of caffeine is an effective strategy to maintain physical and cognitive capabilities, since most real-world activities require complex decision making, motor processing and movement.
436 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that exercise is effective for producing a short-term energy deficit and that individuals tend not to compensate for the energy expended during exercise in the immediate hours after exercise by altering food intake.
201 citations
Cites methods from "Effect of caffeine ingestion on mus..."
...To assess whether differences in experimental design could explain the variation in ES between the studies, we performed sub-group meta-analyses and/or meta-regressions (method-of-moments model), as has been performed previously (Warren et al. 2010; Conger et al. 2011)....
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...Publication bias was assessed utilising funnel plots, as previously described (Supplementary Figures 1 & 2; Warren et al. 2010; Conger et al. 2011)....
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TL;DR: The meta-analyses showed significant ergogenic effects of caffeine ingestion on maximal muscle strength of upper body and muscle power and future studies should more rigorously control the effectiveness of blinding.
Abstract: Caffeine is commonly used as an ergogenic aid. Literature about the effects of caffeine ingestion on muscle strength and power is equivocal. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize results from individual studies on the effects of caffeine intake on muscle strength and power. A search through eight databases was performed to find studies on the effects of caffeine on: (i) maximal muscle strength measured using 1 repetition maximum tests; and (ii) muscle power assessed by tests of vertical jump. Meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (SMD) between placebo and caffeine trials from individual studies were conducted using the random effects model. Ten studies on the strength outcome and ten studies on the power outcome met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analyses. Caffeine ingestion improved both strength (SMD = 0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03, 0.36; p = 0.023) and power (SMD = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.34; p = 0.047). A subgroup analysis indicated that caffeine significantly improves upper (SMD = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.39; p = 0.026) but not lower body strength (SMD = 0.15; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.34; p = 0.147). The meta-analyses showed significant ergogenic effects of caffeine ingestion on maximal muscle strength of upper body and muscle power. Future studies should more rigorously control the effectiveness of blinding. Due to the paucity of evidence, additional findings are needed in the female population and using different forms of caffeine, such as gum and gel.
191 citations
Cites background from "Effect of caffeine ingestion on mus..."
...[10] concluded that caffeine ingestion might increase lower body isometric strength....
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...[10] suggested that larger muscles, such as those of the lower body, have a greater motor unit recruitment capability with caffeine intake than smaller muscles, such as those of the arm....
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...[10], who found a mean increase of approximately 7% in lower body maximal voluntary contraction with caffeine ingestion....
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TL;DR: It is suggested that caffeine ingestion improves exercise performance in a broad range of exercise tasks and the magnitude of the effect of caffeine is generally greater for aerobic as compared with anaerobic exercise.
Abstract: Objective To systematically review, summarise and appraise findings of published meta-analyses that examined the effects of caffeine on exercise performance. Design Umbrella review. Data sources Twelve databases. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Meta-analyses that examined the effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise performance. Results Eleven reviews (with a total of 21 meta-analyses) were included, all being of moderate or high methodological quality (assessed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 checklist). In the meta-analyses, caffeine was ergogenic for aerobic endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance, power, jumping performance and exercise speed. However, not all analyses provided a definite direction for the effect of caffeine when considering the 95% prediction interval. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria the quality of evidence was generally categorised as moderate (with some low to very low quality of evidence). Most individual studies included in the published meta-analyses were conducted among young men. Summary/conclusion Synthesis of the currently available meta-analyses suggest that caffeine ingestion improves exercise performance in a broad range of exercise tasks. Ergogenic effects of caffeine on muscle endurance, muscle strength, anaerobic power and aerobic endurance were substantiated by moderate quality of evidence coming from moderate-to-high quality systematic reviews. For other outcomes, we found moderate quality reviews that presented evidence of very low or low quality. It seems that the magnitude of the effect of caffeine is generally greater for aerobic as compared with anaerobic exercise. More primary studies should be conducted among women, middle-aged and older adults to improve the generalisability of these findings.
176 citations
References
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01 Dec 1969TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
Abstract: Contents: Prefaces. The Concepts of Power Analysis. The t-Test for Means. The Significance of a Product Moment rs (subscript s). Differences Between Correlation Coefficients. The Test That a Proportion is .50 and the Sign Test. Differences Between Proportions. Chi-Square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables. The Analysis of Variance and Covariance. Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis. Set Correlation and Multivariate Methods. Some Issues in Power Analysis. Computational Procedures.
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"Effect of caffeine ingestion on mus..." refers background or methods in this paper
...According to Cohen (8), both overall ESs would be considered small with or without the correction....
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...8 were considered to be small, moderate, and large, respectively (8); we considered an ES of 0....
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01 Jun 2019
TL;DR: A meta-analysis is literally an analysis of analyses, but conventionally the term is defined as "analysis of analyses of analyses" as discussed by the authors, which is what we use in this paper.
Abstract: The chapter on stochastically dependent effect sizes by Gleser and Olkin (2009) in The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (2nd ed.) describes. Download Here: tinyurl.com/ohnxrcn When the first edition of The Handbook of Research. In book: Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology A meta-analysis is literally an analysis of analyses, but conventionally the term.
1,315 citations
TL;DR: The design of the meta-analysis itself, and the studies included in it, are shown to be important among a number of sources of publication bias.
898 citations