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Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of Calcination on Microstructure Development and Properties of Hydroxyapatite Powders Extracted from Human and Bovine Bones

02 Apr 2019-Transactions of The Indian Ceramic Society (INDIAN CERAMIC SOC)-Vol. 78, Iss: 1, pp 41-45
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive discussion of hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation from human and bovine bones is presented and the phase formation and surface morphologies of prepared HAp powders are determined.
Abstract: This study represents a comprehensive discussion of hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation from human and bovine bones The phase formation and surface morphologies of prepared HAp powders were determined
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The need for biomaterials is in ever-increasing demand for a plethora of applications nowadays as mentioned in this paper, which is why the need for a biomaterial is in a constant demand for various biomedical applications.

42 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed mechanochemically synthesized nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite (nHAp) bioceramics using clam seashells and phosphoric acid by varying the CaO:H3PO4
Abstract: The aim of the present investigation is to develop mechanochemically synthesized nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite (nHAp) bioceramics using clam seashells and phosphoric acid by varying the CaO:H3PO4...

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of weight content of the loaded Pd on photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) illuminated by UV radiation was evaluated.
Abstract: Pd nanoparticles loaded on ZnO flowers were successfully synthesized by microwave-assisted deposition method. Phase, morphology, vibrational mode, composition, oxidation state, and specific surface area of heterostructure Pd/ZnO composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Effect of weight content of the loaded Pd on photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) illuminated by UV radiation was evaluated. Heterostructure Pd/ZnO composites have photocatalytic efficiency higher than hexagonal ZnO flowers. Schottky Pd/ZnO interface played the role in the charge separation process. In this research, heterostructure 5% Pd/ZnO composites have the highest photodegradation of MB and MO under UV radiation. Main active species of the degradation process and stability of the photocatalyst were investigated. A proposed mechanism for photodegradation of MB and MO was also explained.

1 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a modified Scherrer equation (MSE) method was proposed to calculate the nano-scale size of bovine bone using XRD radiation of wavelength λ (nm) from measuring full width at half maximum of peaks (β) in radian located at any 2π in the pattern.
Abstract: Scherrer Equation, L=Kλ/β.cosθ, was developed in 1918, to calculate the nano crystallite size (L) by XRD radiation of wavelength λ (nm) from measuring full width at half maximum of peaks (β) in radian located at any 2θ in the pattern. Shape factor of K can be 0.62 - 2.08 and is usually taken as about 0.89. But, if all of the peaks of a pattern are going to give a similar value of L, then β.cosθ must be identical. This means that for a typical 5nm crystallite size and λ Cukα1 = 0.15405 nm the peak at 2θ = 170° must be more than ten times wide with respect to the peak at 2θ = 10°, which is never observed. The purpose of modified Scherrer equation given in this paper is to provide a new approach to the kind of using Scherrer equation, so that a least squares technique can be applied to minimize the sources of errors. Modified Scherrer equation plots lnβ against ln(1/cosθ) and obtains the intercept of a least squares line regression, ln=Kλ/L, from which a single value of L is obtained through all of the available peaks. This novel technique is used for a natural Hydroxyapatite (HA) of bovine bone fired at 600°C, 700°C, 900°C and 1100°C from which nano crystallite sizes of 22.8, 35.5, 37.3 and 38.1 nm were respectively obtained and 900°C was selected for biomaterials purposes. These results show that modified Scherrer equation method is promising in nano materials applications and can distinguish between 37.3 and 38.1 nm by using the data from all of the available peaks.

1,418 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the newly developed NHAP/polymer composite scaffolds may serve as an excellent 3D substrate for cell attachment and migration in bone tissue engineering.

1,200 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There have been a number of major advances made in the field of bioactive ceramics, glasses and glass-ceramics during the past 30-40 years.
Abstract: There have been a number of major advances made in the field of bioactive ceramics, glasses and glass ceramics during the past 30–40 years. From initial work on the development of materials that are tolerated in the physiological environment, emphasis has now shifted towards the use of ceramic materials that interact with bone tissue by forming a direct bond. It is now possible to choose, by compositional control, whether these materials are biologically stable once incorporated within the skeletal structure or whether they are resorbed over time. This paper reviews the ground-breaking work that was performed during the 1970s and 1980s in the field of bioceramics in the production and characterisation of bioactive and bioresorbable glasses, glass ceramics and calcium phosphates. The review then explores the influence of the original concepts and ideas on the more recent development of ceramic scaffolds, composites and coatings with enhanced bioactivity for bone tissue engineering.

718 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the state-of-the-art of those nanocomposites focusing on their impact and recent trends in the field of bone grafting is presented.

679 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nanocrystalline calcium phosphate based bioceramics are the new rage in biomaterials research as discussed by the authors, which is mainly concentrated on bioactive and bioresorbable ceramics, i.e., hydroxyapatite, bioactive glasses, tricalcium phosphates and biphasic calcium phosphates.

482 citations