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Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of Contactor Area on the Vibrotactile Threshold

Ronald T. Verrillo
- 01 Dec 1963 - 
- Vol. 35, Iss: 12, pp 1962-1966
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TLDR
It seems reasonable to conclude that responses to mechanical displacement of the skin are mediated by more than one receptor system, although direct evidence is still lacking.
Abstract
Vibrotactile thresholds were determined as a function of frequency, contactor configuration, and contactor area. It was found that contactor area is a more important stimulus parameter than the gradient or curvature of displacement. The absolute threshold for vibration seems to be independent of frequency when very small contactors are used and independent of area at low frequencies. For higher values of these parameters, it strongly depends on both. It seems reasonable to conclude that responses to mechanical displacement of the skin are mediated by more than one receptor system, although direct evidence is still lacking.

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The sense of flutter-vibration: comparison of the human capacity with response patterns of mechanoreceptive afferents from the monkey hand.

TL;DR: This paper combines two experimental of the first importance for sensory neurophysdesigns which differ remarkably in method, iology, for they establish the dynamic and in their historical and conceptual derange required of the input on the afferent side of the system to account for the output-the measured sensory capacities.
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Four channels mediate the mechanical aspects of touch

TL;DR: It is concluded that the four channels work in conjunction at threshold to create an operating range for the perception of vibration that extends from at least 0.4 to greater than 500 Hz and may be determined by the combined inputs from four channels.
Journal ArticleDOI

Discriminative and Affective Touch: Sensing and Feeling

TL;DR: It is proposed that a class of low-threshold mechanosensitive C fibers that innervate the hairy skin represent the neurobiological substrate for the affective and rewarding properties of touch.
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Tactile displays: guidance for their design and application.

TL;DR: The sense of touch represents a promising means of supporting communication and coordination in human-human and human-machine systems and both potential benefits and limitations of this approach to information presentation are described.
Journal ArticleDOI

The cutaneous sensory system.

TL;DR: The basic elements of the somatosensory system are reviewed and evidence for the inclusion of the 'fifth' sub-modality, conveyed by low-threshold C-fiber mechanoreceptors as the counterpart of high-th threshold C- fiber nociceptors with both C-Fiber systems serving opposing aspects of affective touch, yet underpining a common mechanism for the preservation of self and species.
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