Effect of crosslinking on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)
TL;DR: In this article, a broad range of degrees of crosslinking, from 1.7 up to 74% of reacted hydroxyl groups, was achieved, and the variation of the thermal and mechanical properties of PVA with the crosslink density show an initial decrease due to the diminution of the crystallinity of the system, caused by the cross-linking.
About: This article is published in Polymer.The article was published on 2000-12-15. It has received 480 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Vinyl alcohol & Hexamethylene diisocyanate.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the key requirements for the proton exchange membranes (PEM) used in fuel cell applications, along with a description of the membrane materials currently being used and their ability to meet these requirements.
1,715 citations
Cites background or methods from "Effect of crosslinking on the mecha..."
...Therefore, from the crosslinking method can be used to obtain three dimensional networks inmembrane structures in order to reduce the methanol crossover through membrane [44]....
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...[44] Krumova M, Lopez D, Benavente R, Mijangos C, Perena JM....
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of polymer weight average molecular weight (MW) on the fiber structure of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) have been studied and the average fiber diameter was between 250 nm and 2 μm.
762 citations
TL;DR: In this article, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/silica composite thin fibers, in the diameter of 200-400 nm were prepared by electrospinning, and the results indicated that PVA was changed from semicrystalline to amorphous state because of the increase of silica content.
449 citations
TL;DR: The potential use of the CECS/PVA electrospun fiber mats as scaffolding materials for skin regeneration was evaluated in vitro using mouse fibroblasts (L929) as reference cell lines and results showed that fibrous mats were good in promoting the cell attachment and proliferation.
440 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a series of corn starch films with varying concentrations of citric acid (CA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were produced by casting method, and the effects of CA and CMC on the water vapor permeability, moisture absorption, solubility and tensile properties were investigated.
385 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a chain transfer characterisation of polymers charge-transfer complexes, charge transfer complexes and charge transfer complexes of charge transfer and charge-Transfer complexes.
Abstract: Cellular Materials Cellulose Cellulose, Biosynthesis Cellulose, Graft Copolymers Cellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose Derivatives Cellulose Esters, Inorganic Cellulose Esters, Organic Cellulose Ethers Cement Additives Chain-Reaction Polymerization Chain Transfer Characterization of Polymers Charge-Transfer Complexes Chelate- Forming Polymers Chemical Analysis Chemically Resistant Polymers Chitin Chloroprene Polymers Chlorotrifluorethylene Polymers Chromatography Classification of Polymerization Reactions Coating Methods Coatings Coatings, Electrodeposition Cold Forming.
7,256 citations
TL;DR: In this article, drug release mechanisms from, and diffusion processes in hydrophilic crosslinked polymeric systems were investigated in two macromolecular states: in the glassy and rubbery states during the early part of countercurrent water diffusion, and in the rubbery state after thermodynamic equilibrium between the network and the surrounding dissolution medium (water) was attained.
399 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Partial table of contents: Manufacture of polyvinyl Acetate for Polyvinyl Alcohol (F. Zvanut & F. ZVanut), hydrolysis ofPolyvinylAcetate to PolyvinYL Alcohol, and applications of Polyviny Alcohol in Adhesives and Applications of Polyvyl Alcohol as a Binder.
Abstract: Partial table of contents: Manufacture of Polyvinyl Acetate for Polyvinyl Alcohol (F. Marten & C. Zvanut). Hydrolysis of Polyvinyl Acetate to Polyvinyl Alcohol (C. Zvanut & F. Marten). Modification of Polyvinyl Alcohol by Copolymerization (T. Okaya). Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymers (T. Okaya & K. Ikari). Spectroscopic Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (A. Dunn). Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol in Paper Manufacture (G. Miller). Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol in Adhesives (C. Finch). Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Binder (C. Finch). Appendices. Indexes.
235 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of a non-uniform external magnetic field on the shape of gel tubes and the possibility to induce elongation and contraction by means of a magnetic field gradient produced by an electromagnet have been demonstrated.
201 citations
10 Jun 1980
TL;DR: The early chemical efforts which lead to the modification of rubber via isomerization with acid (1781) or Vulcanization with sulfur (1839) were largely serendipitous discoveries as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Polymers of natural origin (gums, fibers, skins) have been used by man since prehistoric times. The technology of improving the useful qualities of such materials was developed empirically without benefit of the unifying conceptual framework of chemistry. The early chemical efforts which lead to the modification of rubber via isomerization with acid (1781)2 or Vulcanization with sulfur (1839)3 were also largely serendipitous discoveries. By the mid-19th century investigators like Bracconnot (1833)4 and Schonbein (1845)5 had begun systematic efforts to apply the emerging science of organic chemistry to the task of modifying the end-use properties of natural materials, or imparting wholly new properties to them. The careful study of the reaction of cellulose with nitric acid ultimately led to Parkes’ production of the first semisynthetic commercial plastic, “Parkesine” (1864)6. The chemistry of polyisoprene isolated from a variety of natural sources was also a subject of intense chemical investigation. It had been chlorinated in 18597, and was later hydrochlorinated in 18818. Weber (1894)9 recognized similarities between the Vulcanization process and the insolubilization of rubber by S2Cl2. The production of rayon by treatment of alkali-cellulose with CS2 was patented in 189210.
143 citations