Effect of curcumin on serum and liver cholesterol levels in the rat.
TL;DR: The effect of curcumin in keeping down cholesterol in conditions which otherwise induced hypercholesteremia was not through alterations in cecal microflora which are known to dismute and utilize bile acids in the gut.
Abstract: In rats fed cholesterol and curcumin, the coloring principle in turmeric,
levels of serum and liver cholesterol fell to one-half or one-third of those
in rats fed cholesterol and no curcumin. Deposition of cholesterol was found most
in liver sections from rats fed cholesterol and least in specimens from animals concurrently
fed curcumin. Curcumin increased fecal excretion of bile acids and cholesterol,
both in normal and hypercholesteremic rats. This biliary drainage is a plausible
explanation for the reduction of tissue cholesterol on curcumin feeding. Alpha- and
s-lipoproteins in blood plasma showed meaningful response to addition of curcumin.
The imbalance in these two lipoproteins brought about by cholesterol feeding was
nearly corrected by simultaneous feeding of curcumin. The above beneficial effects
of curcumin were about the same with 0.1% or 0.5% of curcumin in the diet, suggesting
that the effective level of curcumin may be even lower than 0.1%. Curcumin
maintained body and liver weights, correcting the ill effects in this respect caused
by ingested cholesterol. The effect of curcumin in keeping down cholesterol in conditions
which otherwise induced hypercholesteremia was not through alterations in
cecal microflora which are known to dismute and utilize bile acids in the gut.
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TL;DR: Evidence has also been presented to suggest that curcumin can suppress tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis, and Pharmacologically,Curcumin has been found to be safe.
Abstract: Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a polyphenol derived from the plant Curcuma longa, commonly called turmeric. Extensive research over the last 50 years has indicated this polyphenol can both prevent and treat cancer. The anticancer potential of curcumin stems from its ability to suppress proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells, down-regulate transcription factors NF- κB, AP-1 and Egr-1; down-regulate the expression of COX2, LOX, NOS, MMP-9, uPA, TNF, chemokines, cell surface adhesion molecules and cyclin D1; down-regulate growth factor receptors (such as EGFR and HER2); and inhibit the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, protein tyrosine kinases and protein serine/threonine kinases. In several systems, curcumin has been described as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Evidence has also been presented to suggest that curcumin can suppress tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis. Pharmacologically, curcumin has been found to be safe. Human clinical trials indicated no dose-limiting toxicity when administered at doses up to 10 g/day. All of these studies suggest that curcumin has enormous potential in the prevention and therapy of cancer. The current review describes in detail the data supporting these studies. Curcumin, derived from turmeric (vernacular name: Haldi), is a rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. The medicinal use of this plant has been documented in Ayurveda (the Indian
2,453 citations
TL;DR: Evidence for the potential role of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of various proinflammatory chronic diseases is provided and its features, combined with the pharmacological safety and negligible cost, renderCurcumin an attractive agent to explore further.
1,542 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Safety evaluation studies indicate that both turmeric and curcumin are well tolerated at a very high dose without any toxic effects, and have the potential for the development of modern medicine for the treatment of various diseases.
Abstract: Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is extensively used as a spice, food preservative and colouring material in India, China and South East Asia. It has been used in traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases, including biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorders, rheumatism and sinusitis. For the last few decades, extensive work has been done to establish the biological activities and pharmacological actions of turmeric and its extracts. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the main yellow bioactive component of turmeric has been shown to have a wide spectrum of biological actions. These include its antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, anticoagulant, antifertility, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifibrotic, antivenom, antiulcer, hypotensive and hypocholesteremic activities. Its anticancer effect is mainly mediated through induction of apoptosis. Its antiinflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant roles may be clinically exploited to control rheumatism, carcinogenesis and oxidative stress-related pathogenesis. Clinically, curcumin has already been used to reduce post-operative inflammation. Safety evaluation studies indicate that both turmeric and curcumin are well tolerated at a very high dose without any toxic effects. Thus, both turmeric and curcumin have the potential for the development of modern medicine for the treatment of various diseases.
1,007 citations
TL;DR: It is proved that curcumin-phospholipid complex has better hepatoprotective activity, owe to its superior antioxidant property, than freeCurcumin at the same dose level.
745 citations
TL;DR: Animal studies strongly suggest that commonly consumed polyphenols described in this review have a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by lower body weight, fat mass and triglycerides through enhancing energy expenditure and fat utilization, and modulating glucose hemostasis.
Abstract: The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the past three decades both in the United States and worldwide. Recent studies have shown the role of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. Here, we evaluated the impact of commonly consumed polyphenols, including green tea catechins, especially epigallocatechin gallates, resveratrol and curcumin, on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. Cellular studies demonstrated that these dietary polyphenols reduce viability of adipocytes and proliferation of preadipocytes, suppress adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation, stimulate lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, and reduce inflammation. Concomitantly, the polyphenols modulate signaling pathways including the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma activator 1-alpha, sirtuin 1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, uncoupling proteins 1 and 2, and nuclear factor-κB that regulate adipogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Animal studies strongly suggest that commonly consumed polyphenols described in this review have a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by lower body weight, fat mass and triglycerides through enhancing energy expenditure and fat utilization, and modulating glucose hemostasis. Limited human studies have been conducted in this area and are inconsistent about the antiobesity impact of dietary polyphenols probably due to the various study designs and lengths, variation among subjects (age, gender, ethnicity), chemical forms of the dietary polyphenols used and confounding factors such as other weight-reducing agents. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to reconcile the discrepancies between preclinical efficacies and inconclusive clinic outcomes of these polyphenols.
710 citations
Cites background from "Effect of curcumin on serum and liv..."
...Rao, 1970 [145] Female Wistar rats (45-day-old) in a cholesterol-rich diet....
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...For example, curcumin supplementation was shown to lower serum and liver cholesterol levels in rats fed with a cholesterol-rich diet [145]....
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References
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TL;DR: The serum total and free cholesterol levels of 200 blood donors measured with the new color reaction were found to agree well with normal values reported by others and validates its use for either clinical or research purposes.
556 citations
343 citations
202 citations
TL;DR: Feeding of bile acid binding polymeric organic bases inhibited cholesterol rise and aortic rise, and lowered plasma cholesterol concentrations in normocholesterolemic cockerels and dogs, and increased fecal bile acids and sterol output in a dog.
136 citations
TL;DR: Taurocholic acid-24-14C was the only metabolite found in feces of germfree rats fed cholic acid, and when the rat was taken out of the germfree rearing apparatus turnover time and bile acid picture changed to that of “normal” rats.
Abstract: Summary1. Taurocholic acid-24-14C was the only metabolite found in feces of germfree rats fed cholic acid-24-14C. 2. The half-life of cholic acid in germfree rats is 11.4 days as compared with 2 days in control animals. Daily excretion of cholic acid in germfree rats is 0.9 mg/100 g body weight. 3. Monoinfection of a germfree rat with Aspergillus niger did not change the half-life nor the composition of the bile salts in feces. Infection of the same rat with Clostridium per-fringens resulted in free cholic acid in feces but no change in turnover time. When the rat was taken out of the germfree rearing apparatus turnover time and bile acid picture changed to that of “normal” rats.
118 citations