Effect of enamel bleaching on the bonding strength of orthodontic brackets
01 Nov 1993-American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (Mosby)-Vol. 104, Iss: 5, pp 444-447
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that the use of 10% carbamide peroxide did not result in significant changes in the shear debonding strength of orthodontic brackets.
About: This article is published in American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.The article was published on 1993-11-01. It has received 62 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Dental bonding & Enamel paint.
Citations
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TL;DR: The effect of bonding agent usage on composite bond strength to enamel bleached with a particular carbamide peroxide was dependent on the bonding agent used.
Abstract: Statement of problem. Carbamide peroxide bleaching has been implicated in adversely affecting the bond strength of composite to enamel. Purpose. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of 3 dental bonding agents (OptiBond, All-Bond 2, One-Step) on the shear bond strength of a hybrid composite to enamel which was treated by a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching system. Material and methods. Cylinders of composite were bonded to carbamide peroxide-treated enamel on extracted human teeth using 3 dental bonding agents. After thermocycling, shear bond strengths were determined with a universal testing machine. Results. OptiBond aided bond strengths were 23.7 ± 5.6 MPa to bleached and 19.6 ± 2.9 MPa to unbleached enamel. For All-Bond 2, bleached enamel exhibited bond strengths of 14.9 ± 4.0 MPa and unbleached enamel exhibited a bond strength value of 20.4 ± 2.3 MPa. The composite bond strength for One-Step was 13.6 ± 5.9 MPa to bleached and 23.0 ± 3.9 MPa to unbleached enamel. There was no statistical difference between OptiBond (alcohol base) aided bond strengths for bleached and unbleached enamel; however, the bond strength of composite to bleached enamel with All-Bond 2 or One-Step (acetone base) was significantly lower than unbleached controls. Conclusion. The effect of bonding agent usage on composite bond strength to enamel bleached with a particular carbamide peroxide was dependent on the bonding agent used. (J Prosthet Dent 1999;82:595-9.)
161 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, despite changes observed in the enamel surface after bleaching, normal variation in tooth morphology may exceed the effects of 35% hydrogen peroxide and 10% carbamide peroxide on the teeth.
Abstract: Several vital bleaching systems have been introduced in response to the demand in esthetic dentistry The active agents are commonly hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide used in at-home or in-office techniques Although generally positive results have been reported concerning the whitening ability of these agents, concerns still remain as to their effects on dental tissues The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of these bleaching agents on the enamel surface morphology Twelve extracted teeth were used according to three experimental protocols In experimental protocol 1, specimens were treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide In experimental protocol 2, after treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide the specimens were immersed in natural saliva for 1 week In experimental protocol 3, 35% hydrogen peroxide was applied once and 10% carbamide peroxide was applied for 1 week (12 h of 10% carbamide peroxide alternating with 12 h saliva) Scanning electron microscopy evaluation revealed that regional variation in tooth morphology surface sometimes exceeded the effects of the peroxide used according to experimental protocols Thirty-five percent hydrogen peroxide had a tendency to promote an increase in density of pits Precipitates were observed on specimen surfaces immersed in natural saliva according to protocol 2 A smooth and shiny surface was observed in specimens treated according to protocol 3 The potential relationship between surface alterations and differences in enamel permeability is currently under investigation CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The differences in various articles written on the subject cannot be reconciled because of the lac of standardization of baseline data regarding factors such as location on the tooth, type of tooth eruption or noneruption, and age in the oral cavity This article demonstrates that, despite changes observed in the enamel surface after bleaching, normal variation in tooth morphology may exceed the effects of 35% hydrogen peroxide and 10% carbamide peroxide on the teeth Hence, considering the morphologic features of the tooth surface, bleaching, as described in thi study, can be considered safe for enamel
114 citations
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TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that office bleaching with hydrogen peroxide does not adversely affect the bond strengths of brackets bonded immediately afterBleaching or 30 days after bleaching, even though bleaching can result in differences in the failure site.
106 citations
Cites result from "Effect of enamel bleaching on the b..."
...Two previous studies of bracket bond strengths to bleached enamel surfaces obtained controversial results.(11,18,19) The results of this study agree with those of Bishara et al,(18) who reported that the immediate bond strength values were not adversely affected by 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching for a week....
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TL;DR: The antioxidant treatment immediately after bleaching was effective in reversing the tensile bond strength of brackets.
Abstract: Various studies have reported a significant reduction in tensile bond strength of brackets when bonding is carried out immediately after bleaching. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of an antioxidant agent on the tensile bond strength values of metal brackets bonded with composite resin to human enamel after bleaching with carbamide peroxide (CP). A total of 80 extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided into three bleaching groups of 10 per cent CP and an unbleached control group. The specimens in group 1 were bonded immediately after bleaching; group 2 were stored in an artificial saliva solution for 7 days after bleaching; group 3 were treated with 10 per cent sodium ascorbate, immediately before bonding, whereas the unbleached specimens in group 4 had no treatment before bonding. Tensile bond strengths were established in MPa. To evaluate the amount of resin left on the enamel surfaces after debonding, the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were used. The tensile bond strength data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and pairwise comparisons were made by the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of P < 0.05. The brackets bonded immediately after bleaching revealed significantly lower tensile bond strengths than those of unbleached enamel (P = 0.000). No statistically significant differences in tensile bond strength were noted when the delayed-bonding (P = 6.000) and antioxidant-treated (P = 0.2757) groups were compared with the control group. The antioxidant treatment immediately after bleaching was effective in reversing the tensile bond strength of brackets.
105 citations
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TL;DR: In this project, finite element model (FEM) calculations were used to determine the more realistic stress distributions generated within the cement and indicated that the three loading modes produce very different non-uniform stress field patterns.
73 citations
References
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TL;DR: There was no difference in color between the treated and control areas; the color-changing effects apparently extend to portions of the tooth not in direct contact with the solution.
Abstract: A recently reported technique for bleaching vital discolored teeth involves the use of a mouthguard and 10% carbamide peroxide without preoperative etching or postoperative polishing of the enamel. This in vitro study evaluated the effects of the bleaching agent on the surface texture of the enamel. Thirty-three extracted teeth were subjected to 10% carbamide peroxide for a period equivalent to 5 weeks of nighttime wear. A control area on each tooth had been covered and sealed. All discolored teeth experienced lightening, but there was no difference in color between the treated and control areas; the color-changing effects apparently extend to portions of the tooth not in direct contact with the solution. Epoxy replicas of the teeth were examined under a scanning electron microscope. No etching was apparent, and no difference in surface texture between treated and control areas was detected.
189 citations
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TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that carbamide peroxide bleaching reduces the shear bond strength of composite to etched enamel, however, removal of surface enamel restores bond strengths to normal levels.
Abstract: Bleaching with 35 percent hydrogen peroxide causes enamel surface changes, which result in lower bond strengths of composite resin. Although a previous SEM study showed that home bleaching with 10 percent carbamide peroxide does not cause such surface changes, the results of our study indicate that carbamide peroxide bleaching reduces the shear bond strength of composite to etched enamel. Removal of surface enamel, however, restores bond strengths to normal levels.
120 citations