Effect of fasting versus feeding on the rat small intestine. Morphological, biochemical, and functional differences.
TL;DR: The response of the rat small intestine to an overnight fast has been compared with feeding ad libitum with chow and the structure and function of the small intestine in the fasted and fed animals appear to be important considerations in studies of absorption.
About: This article is published in Gastroenterology.The article was published on 1970-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 120 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Small intestine & Hexose transport.
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481 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the physiological responses related to food ingestion are important in maintaining small intestinal mass, disaccharidase activity, and the proximal-distal gradient.
454 citations
TL;DR: These studies demonstrate that severe, progressive malnutrition occurs in patients with AIDS and if malnutrition can be shown to have a deleterious effect upon the disease course, therapy of malnutrition may play an important role in the treatment of this disorder.
401 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that immediate postburn enteral feeding can prevent hypermetabolism via preservation of gut mucosal integrity and prevention of excessive secretion of catabolic hormones.
Abstract: This study was performed to investigate the mechanism whereby immediate enteral feeding after burn injury reduces postburn hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism. Fifty-seven burned guinea pigs (30% TBSA) were divided into three groups: A (N = 19), given 175 kcal/kg/day beginning 2 hours after burn; B (N = 20), given 175 kcal/kg/day with an initial 72-hour adaptation period; and C (N = 18), given 200 kcal/kg/day with the same adaptation period as B. Resting metabolic expenditure (RME) on PBD 13 was lowest in group A (109% of preburn level), compared with group B (144%, p less than 0.001) and group C (137%, p less than 0.01). On PBD 1, group A had the greatest jejunal mucosal weight and thickness (p less than 0.001), and mucosal weight had negative correlations with plasma cortisol (r = 0.829, p less than 0.001) and glucagon (r = 0.888, p less than 0.001). Two weeks after burn, urinary vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) excretion, plasma cortisol, and glucagon were lowest in group A (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.01). These hormones also significantly correlated with RME (p less than 0.01 to p less than 0.001). These findings suggest that immediate postburn enteral feeding can prevent hypermetabolism via preservation of gut mucosal integrity and prevention of excessive secretion of catabolic hormones.
377 citations
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
289,852 citations
TL;DR: The present study arose from the observation that a more intense colour was sometimes produced if, instead of being heated at 1000 for 10 min., the reaction mixture was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature.
Abstract: Of the colour reactions available for the determination and identification of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the reaction with diphenylamine in a mixture of acetic and sulphuric acids at 1000 (Dische, 1930) has been perhaps the most widely used. The present study arose from the observation that a more intense colour was sometimes produced if, instead of being heated at 1000 for 10 min., the reaction mixture was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. As a result of this observation the procedure has been modified, principally by adding acetaldehyde to the reagents and by allowing the solution to stand for about 17 hr. at 30° instead of heating it at 1000. The modified method is 3-5 times as sensitive as Dische's original procedure, and several substances which interfere in the original method do not do so in the modified procedure. Some observations on the mechanism of the reaction have been made; in particular it was discovered that there is a liberation of inorganic orthophosphate from DNA during the early stages of the reaction. This finding has a bearing on the structure of DNA. The modified method has already been used in an investigation of nucleic acid metabolism during bacteriophage multiplication (Burton, 1955).
13,649 citations
TL;DR: A preparation of isolated small intestine of the rat or golden hamster is described which permits convenient measurement ofpiration and glycolysis during periods of active transference of substances across the wall.
Abstract: A preparation of isolated small intestine of the rat or golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is described which permits convenient measurement ofrespiration and glycolysis during periods of active transference of substances across the wall. The difficulty of adequate oxygenation is overcome by everting a piece of intestine, tying it at both ends and filling it with sufficient fluid to distend the wall. The eversion exposes the highly active mucosa to the well-oxygenated suspending medium, while the distension increases the surface area of the sac and reduces the thickness of the sac wall. The oxygenation of the inner layer of the serosal surface is facilitated by an oxygen bubble which is introduced into the sac along with the inner fluid. The relatively small volume of fluid contained in the sac (serosal side) allows a rapid rise in concentration of transferred substances. A number of adjacent segments of intestine from the same animal may be studied simultaneously. The method was tested with glucose and methionine, both substances being known to be transferred against a concentration gradient (Fisher & Parsons, 1949b; Wiseman, 1953). Aerobically both were transferred against a concentration gradient in this preparation, but no active transference took place anaerobically.
1,142 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: By comparison of germ-free and conventional mice, many of the morphologic characteristics of the ideal mucosa ordinarily recognized as 'normal' were demonstrated actually to develop in response to the presence of the bacterial flora of the natural environment.
473 citations