Effect of frequency of feeding upon food utilization by ruminants.
01 Jan 1967-Vol. 26, Iss: 2, pp 181-190
About: The article was published on 1967-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 38 citations till now.
Citations
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TL;DR: There was a significant concentrate feeding frequency with sampling time interaction influence on NH3 N in which feeding concentrate four times daily minimized postprandial fluctuation of rumenNH3 N concentration.
130 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that the increased outflow of water was achieved by increasing the net flow of water across the mucosa into the reticulo-rumen, rather than by increasing salivation.
Abstract: Chaffed lucerne hay of 64% apparent organic matter (OM) digestibility was fed to wether sheep under four feeding regimens: two levels of dry matter (D.M.) intake (700 (L) and 1050 (H) g/day) and within each level two feeding frequencies (once a day (daily) and once an hour (hourly)). Three separate groups of sheep were used concurrently: a slaughter group was used to obtain feeding behaviour data and to measure pool sizes and obtain samples from the reticulo-rumen; a digestion group, in which each sheep was prepared with a rumen and a duodenal cannula, was used to measure duodenal digesta flow, rumen microbial growth and reticulo-rumen motility; a balance group was used to measure digestibility and nutrient balances.High D.M. intake increased reticulo-rumen pool sizes and flow rates but it did not affect apparent digestibilities or the proportions of OM, fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, lipid and nitrogen digested in the stomach and intestines. Increased feeding frequency had a major effect on reticulo-rumen pool sizes but did not affect apparent digestibilities or partition of digestion of non-nitrogenous constituents. Daily feeding resulted in increased total-N flow to the duodenum; however, N retention was significantly greater with frequent feeding. It is suggested that this was due to a more efficient tissue utilization of N.The kinetics of digesta flow within the reticulo-rumen, expressed as fractional flow rates, were studied with data from sheep fed hourly. The fractional inflow, outflow and disappearance rates for OM, fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose did not change with an increase in intake because of an equivalent increase in reticulo-rumen volume. Increasing D.M. intake by 50% resulted in a 24% increase in water intake, a 19% increase in reticulo-rumen water volume, and a 49% increase in water outflow rate. The data suggest that the increased outflow of water was achieved by increasing the net flow of water across the mucosa into the reticulo-rumen, rather than by increasing salivation.There was no difference between treatments in the frequency of reticulo-rumen contractions. It was calculated that for each A sequence contraction, OM flow was 0·26 and 0·37 g and water flow was 4·38 and 0·36 g on L and H intakes respectively. A 50% increase in intake resulted in a 42% increase in OM passage per A sequence contraction. This increased passage with intake was not accompanied by an increase in reticulorumen contraction frequency.
92 citations
86 citations
TL;DR: Frequency of feeding had no effect on almost all measures and components of rumen and whole tract metabolism and digestion of lactating Holstein cows.
80 citations
Cites background from "Effect of frequency of feeding upon..."
...Feed intake is not stimulated by offering mixed rations more than once daily ( 5 , 28, 29), and whole tract nutrient digestion also is not affected (12, 22)....
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TL;DR: Cows fed infrequently had reduced milk yield if they were housed with frequently fed cows, and it was concluded that in both experiments frequent feeding disturbed the cows and reduced milk production.
79 citations
Additional excerpts
...quent feeding (Burt and Dunton, 1967)....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, a method of equalized feeding is presented, which prevents biases in ration comparisons, and simultaneously increases precision by allowing more uniform persistency among animals, while the roughage portion of the ration is maintained constant for each animal.
60 citations
TL;DR: The daily ration given as a single feed gave the lowest dry matter digestibility and nitrogen retention, and caused the greatest fall in pH values and bacterial counts, and the lowest protozoal counts.
Abstract: A single ration made up of commercial sheep cubes (20 per cent. protein) together with oaten and lucerne chaff was fed to five sheep in five different ways. A Latin square design was used. Measurements were made on the ruminal population, the metabolism within the rumen, and the overall nitrogen balance and dry matter digestibility. Each of the different treatments resulted in a distinctive pattern in the ruminal population, pH, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile fatty acid levels. There were significant differences in dry matter digestibility and nitrogen retention. The daily ration given as a single feed gave the lowest dry matter digestibility and nitrogen retention. It also caused the greatest fall in pH values and bacterial counts, and the lowest protozoal counts. The highest ruminal ammonia nitrogen levels were also associated with this treatment. The best performance was obtained by feeding the concentrate in the morning and roughage in the afternoon, or feeding the whole ration in four equal portions at 2-hr intervals. The other two treatments – half ration morning and afternoon, or chaff in the morning and concentrates in the afternoon – gave intermediate results. Some implications of the various data are discussed, and the strong influence of feeding pattern is stressed.
48 citations
TL;DR: Hourly feedings reduced the variation between 2-hourly collection periods by 47, 87, 90, 85, 70 and 91 yo for total dry-matter content of the faeces, faece drymatter concentration, total urine output, urine specific gravity, urine nitrogen concentration and total N content ofThe urine respectively.
Abstract: 1. A machine is described which automatically releases previously weighed rations to individually penned sheep at hourly intervals for 24 h. 2. Six sheep were kept in a room with constant light, temperature and continuous background noise and given 912 g lucerne daily at 10.00 h or at hourly intervals by means of the automatic feeder. Faeces and urine were collected every 2 h. 3. Hourly feedings reduced the variation between 2-hourly collection periods by 47, 87, 90, 85, 70 and 91% for total dry-matter content of the faeces, faeces dry-matter concentration, total urine output, urine specific gravity, urine nitrogen concentration and total N content of the urine respectively.
42 citations
TL;DR: Forty Guernsey heifers were utilized in multiple-feeding studies with resulting data showing significantly greater body weight gain in heifer fed six times more than those fed twice daily.
38 citations
38 citations