Effect of gamma irradiation on metallothionein protein expression in Plantago ovata Forsk.
TL;DR: It was concluded from the MALDI-TOF MS result that low gamma exposure leads to expression of MT-like protein.
Abstract: Purpose: The effect of gamma rays on metallothionein (MT) expression was studied using the medicinal plant Plantago ovata as the test system.Materials and methods: Western blotting and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used for this purpose.Results: Western blot analysis showed significant induction of metallothionein protein following gamma exposure and that induction was highest at 20 Gy gamma dose. At higher gamma doses (100 Gy) MT expression level declined due to degeneration of cells. MALDI-TOF MS analysis indicated the presence of low molecular weight (7–8 kD) MT molecules following the lower radiation doses.Conclusion: It was concluded from the MALDI-TOF MS result that low gamma exposure leads to expression of MT-like protein. At high doses of gamma ray, MT homologues or MT-like protein were not identified, possibly because they might have precipitated due to uncontrolled cross-linking and non-specific aggregation.
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TL;DR: This text is a general introduction to radiation biology and a complete, self-contained course especially for residents in diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine that follows the Syllabus in Radiation Biology of the RSNA.
Abstract: The text consists of two sections, one for those studying or practicing diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiation oncology; the other for those engaged in the study or clinical practice of radiation oncology--a new chapter, on radiologic terrorism, is specifically for those in the radiation sciences who would manage exposed individuals in the event of a terrorist event. The 17 chapters in Section I represent a general introduction to radiation biology and a complete, self-contained course especially for residents in diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine that follows the Syllabus in Radiation Biology of the RSNA. The 11 chapters in Section II address more in-depth topics in radiation oncology, such as cancer biology, retreatment after radiotherapy, chemotherapeutic agents and hyperthermia.
1,359 citations
TL;DR: The enhanced expression of MT2 gene in Plantago ovata has a correlation with the increased total antioxidant activity and increased DPPH radical scavenging activity and this study observed an upregulation in the PoMT2 gene expression level in 500 and 800 µM ZnSO4·7H2O treated samples but found saturation on further increasing the dose.
Abstract: Plantago ovata Forsk is an annual herb with immense medicinal importance, the seed and husk of which is used in the treatment of chronic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea since ancient times. Zinc, an essential metal, is required by plants as they form important components of zinc finger proteins and also aid in synthesis of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll. However, in excess amount Zn causes chlorosis of leaf and shoot tissues and generate reactive oxygen species. The present study is aimed at investigating the changes in expression levels of MT2 gene in Plantago ovata under zinc stress. Data show up to 1.66 fold increase in expression of PoMT2 in 1000 µM ZnSO4·7H2O treated sample. Our study also describes alteration of MT2 gene expressions in Plantago ovata as observed through Real time PCR (qPCR) done by $$2^{{ - \Delta \Delta}} C_T$$
method. In this study we have observed an upregulation (or induction) in the PoMT2 gene expression level in 500 and 800 µM ZnSO4·7H2O treated samples but found saturation on further increasing the dose to 1000 µM of ZnSO4·7H2O. Determination of the phenotypic and biochemical changes in Plantago ovata due to exposure to zinc stress of concentrations 500, 800 and 1000 µM revealed oxidative stress. The enhanced expression of MT2 gene in Plantago ovata has a correlation with the increased total antioxidant activity and increased DPPH radical scavenging activity.
13 citations
Cites background from "Effect of gamma irradiation on meta..."
...The protein is a low molecular weight (4–8 kDa), Cysteine-rich, intracellular, cytoplasmic, metal-binding protein and is well-conserved (Cobbett and Goldsbrough 2002; Mir et al. 2004; Saha et al. 2013)....
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TL;DR: Light is shed toward utilizing low doses of ionizing radiation for making more metal-tolerant fungi and the possible mechanisms adopted by A. terreus for being more metallo-resistant.
Abstract: The present study emphasizes the potential of gamma radiation in enhancing zinc tolerance of Aspergillus terreus. Gamma-exposed A. terreus could tolerate 1.13 times more Zn, reflecting higher growth (in terms of CFU) under Zn stress and enhanced Zn removal efficacies than their unirradiated counterparts. Radiation-induced upregulation of antioxidative system (SOD, CAT, GSH and MT) of A. terreus is responsible for radiation-induced enhancement of Zn tolerance. FTIR spectra reveals the involvement of functional groups in Zn biosorption; SEM study divulges the structural changes due to metal and gamma exposure and SEM-EDX depicts the Zn uptake by A. terreus (both in gamma-exposed and unexposed conditions). This work sheds light toward utilizing low doses of ionizing radiation for making more metal-tolerant fungi and the possible mechanisms adopted by A. terreus for being more metallo-resistant.
7 citations
Cites background from "Effect of gamma irradiation on meta..."
...[39], reported gamma radiation-induced Con trol 800 0 pp m Z n 900 0 pp m Z n Con trol 800 0 pp m Z n 900 0 pp m Z n 0....
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...Similar shifting in peaks in fungal biomass treated with heavy metals has been reported earlier by a host of researchers [6, 39]....
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TL;DR: The results suggest that both gamma irradiation and CdCl2 alter redox balance in P. ovata and it is conjectured that the stress-mediated imbalance is maintained by altered MT gene and protein expression.
Abstract: Purpose: To study the oxidative stress-induced changes by sublethal doses of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and gamma irradiation, two redox-inducing agents, on metallothionein (MT) gene and protein expression in Plantago ovata Forsk (P. ovata).Materials and methods: Chlorophyll content was estimated to study the stress response in P. ovata seedlings following exposure to gamma irradiation and CdCl2. Lipid peroxidation and proline content, two oxidative stress markers, were also studied. The level of metallothionein gene and protein expression was further investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry.Results: Three MT genes of P. ovata namely PoMT 1, PoMT 2 and PoMT 3 were isolated, sequenced and characterized and their expressions were found to be altered in the case of both oxidative stresses in a dose-dependent and tissue-specific manner. The results were in agreement with the observations from immunocytochemistry and FA...
7 citations
TL;DR: The present G. abyssinica genotoxicity assay thus validated the non-linear threshold (NLT) dose-response to ionizing radiation as opposed to the prevailing linear no-threshold (LNT)dose-response concept.
Abstract: Dose-responses of germination and seedling growth of plants namely Amaranthus blitum, Cajanus cajan, Eleusine coracana, Guizotia abyssinica, Lathyrus sativus and Lycopersicon esculentum obtained following γ-irradiation of seeds at a wide range of doses established G. abyssinica (LD50 = 0.32; D50 = 0.17 kGy) as highly radio-sensitive species. Seed-irradiation caused oxidative stress to the emerging seedlings that was evident by the dose-dependent increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS: H2O2, O2
•−, •OH), which in turn also showed good correlation with the dose-dependent induction of cell death, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, protein and non-protein thiols, and antioxidant enzymes activities, in the leaf tissue of G. abyssinica seedlings. The above biochemical endpoints could, therefore, serve as biomarkers of the previous exposure of seeds to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the highest ineffective threshold (HITD = 0.019 kGy) and the lowest effective threshold (LETD = 0. 021 kGy) doses of ionizing radiation were determined on the basis of induction of cells with chromosome aberration (CA) or micronucleus (MN) in root meristems of the germinating irradiated seeds. The present G. abyssinica genotoxicity assay thus validated the non-linear threshold (NLT) dose-response to ionizing radiation as opposed to the prevailing linear no-threshold (LNT) dose-response concept.
4 citations
References
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
289,852 citations
"Effect of gamma irradiation on meta..." refers methods in this paper
...Th e supernatant was transferred to sterile microcentrifuge tube and the volume was adjusted to obtain equal protein amounts following the technique of Lowry et al. (1951)....
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TL;DR: In vivo redox biosensing resolves the spatiotemporal dynamics of compartmental responses to local ROS generation and provide a basis for understanding how compartment-specific redox dynamics may operate in retrograde signaling and stress 67 acclimation in plants.
Abstract: In experiments with tobacco tissue cultured on White's modified medium (basal meditmi hi Tnhles 1 and 2) supplemenk'd with kiticthi and hidoleacctic acid, a slrikin^' fourlo (ive-told intTease iu yield was ohtaitu-d within a three to Tour week j^rowth period on addition of an aqtteotis exlrarl of tobacco leaves (Fi^'ures 1 and 2). Subse(iueutly it was found Ihiit this jnoniotiou oi' f^rowih was due mainly though nol entirely to inorj^auic rather than organic con.stitttenls in the extract. In the isolation of Rrowth factors from plant tissues and other sources inorj '̂anic salts are fre(|uently carried along with fhe organic fraclioits. When tissue cultures are used for bioassays, therefore, il is necessary lo lake into account increases in growth which may result from nutrient elements or other known constituents of the medium which may he present in the te.st materials. To minimize interference trom rontaminaitis of this type, an altempt has heen made to de\\eh)p a nieditmi with such adequate supplies of all re(iuired tnineral nutrients and cotntnott orgattic cottslitueitls that no apprecial»le change in growth rate or yield will result from the inlroduclion of additional amounts in the range ordinarily expected to be present in tnaterials to be assayed. As a point of referetice for this work some of the culture media in mc)st common current use will he cotisidered briefly. For ease of comparis4)n Iheir mineral compositions are listed in Tables 1 and 2. White's nutrient .solution, designed originally for excised root cultures, was based on Uspeuski and Uspetiskaia's medium for algae and Trelease and Trelease's micronutrieni solution. This medium also was employed successfully in the original cttltivation of callus from the tobacco Iiybrid Nicotiana gtauca x A', tanijadorffii, atitl as further modified by White in 194̂ ^ and by others it has been used for the
63,098 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: Radiobiology for the radiologist, Radiobiology in general, Radiology for radiologists as mentioned in this paper, Radiology in the field of radiology, radiology for radiology.
Abstract: Radiobiology for the radiologist , Radiobiology for the radiologist , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
4,040 citations
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding the regulation of PC biosynthesis and MT gene expression and the possible roles of PCs and MTs in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis are reviewed.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Among the heavy metal-binding ligands in plant cells the phytochelatins (PCs) and metallothioneins (MTs) are the best characterized. PCs and MTs are different classes of cysteine-rich, heavy metal-binding protein molecules. PCs are enzymatically synthesized peptides, whereas MTs are gene-encoded polypeptides. Recently, genes encoding the enzyme PC synthase have been identified in plants and other species while the completion of the Arabidopsis genome sequence has allowed the identification of the entire suite of MT genes in a higher plant. Recent advances in understanding the regulation of PC biosynthesis and MT gene expression and the possible roles of PCs and MTs in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis are reviewed.
2,334 citations
"Effect of gamma irradiation on meta..." refers background in this paper
...Earlier researchers have shown that MTs are induced by the combined eff ect of heavy metal and gamma irradiation in the animal system and act as homeostatic regulators and radical scavengers against oxidative stress (Koterov et al. 1997, Matsubara et al. 1987b)....
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...Previously lower levels of metallothionein expression in control (non-irradiated) samples have been detected by FACS analysis and a progressive increment of MTs as a measure of protection against radiation stress has been put forward by Saha et al. (2008)....
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...Th e binding capacities of MTs are indicative of the role of these proteins in mineral homeostasis and enzymatic catalytic activity....
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...Isoforms of plant MTs vary in their sequence, total cysteine content, and its distribution when compared to animal MTs (Cobbett and Goldsbrough 2002)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the use of a matrix for pulsed ultraviolet laser desorption mass spectrometry is shown to extend its applicability into the range of larger, thermally labile biomolecules.
1,909 citations
"Effect of gamma irradiation on meta..." refers methods in this paper
...Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-fl ight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), which was introduced in 1987 for use with non-volatile and large biomolecules, has been used (Karas et al. 1987)....
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