Effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 stainless steel joints
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded 304 stainless steel (SS) joints was studied and the results indicated that the joints made using low heat input exhibited higher ultimate tensile strength than those welded with medium and high heat input.
About: This article is published in Materials & Design.The article was published on 2011-06-01. It has received 241 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Heat-affected zone & Gas tungsten arc welding.
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TL;DR: In this article, a unified equation to compute the energy density is proposed to compare works performed with distinct equipment and experimental conditions, covering the major process parameters: power, travel speed, heat source dimension, hatch distance, deposited layer thickness and material grain size.
369 citations
Cites background from "Effect of heat input on the microst..."
...[171] reported that the heat input selection had all the aforementioned consequences: higher heat input lead to a greater extension of the fusion and heat affected zones....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on process planning including build orientation, slicing, and path planning, as well as the definition of process parameter selection from a single track to multi-track and multilayer, and finally geometric features from a thinwall to lattice structures with several case studies.
173 citations
Cites background from "Effect of heat input on the microst..."
...7 o Heat input is the most significant parameter that it provides a qualitative estimate of the extension of the fusion zone and cooling rate [90]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of single pass and multipass (double and triple pass) gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) on microstructure, hardness and corrosion behavior of 304L stainless steel was discussed.
101 citations
Cites background from "Effect of heat input on the microst..."
...This trend of hardness in the HAZ is due to slow cooling rate of the area near the fusion line and subsequent grain growth, In contrast, the area near the base metal experienced higher cooling rate due to steeper thermal gradients and consequently exhibited a fine grained microstructure [17]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a 304L austenitic stainless steel was subjected to different heat inputs by shielded metal arc welding process using a standard 308L electrode and microstructural developments were characterized by using optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction, while the residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction using the sin 2 ψ method.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the replacement compatibility of most widely used conventional austenitic stainless steel (type 304) was investigated by employing dissimilar weldments with high nitrogen stainless steels (type 201) using scanning electron microscope coupled with EDS and X-ray diffraction techniques.
79 citations
References
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15 Oct 2003-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, a low heat input process viz., EBW and another commonly employed process, gas tungsten-arc welding have been employed for welding of duplex stainless steels with and without nickel enhancement.
Abstract: The excellent combination of strength and corrosion resistance in duplex stainless steels (DSS) is due to their strict composition control and microstructural balance. The ferrite–austenite ratio is often upset in DSS weld metals owing to the rapid cooling rates associated with welding. To achieve the desired ferrite–austenite balance and hence properties, either the weld metal composition and/or the heat input is controlled. In the current work, a low heat input process viz., EBW and another commonly employed process, gas tungsten-arc welding have been employed for welding of DSS with and without nickel enhancement. Results show that (i) chemical composition has got a greater influence on the ferrite–austenite ratio than the cooling rate, (ii) and even EBW which is considered an immature process in welding of DSS, can be employed provided means of filler addition could be devised.
404 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel joints by tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, laser welding and laser-TIG hybrid welding were investigated.
279 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of various degrees of plastic deformation introduced by cold rolling at ambient temperature on the tensile properties of AISI 304 stainless steel was investigated and the results indicated that the formation of strain-induced martensite evidently led to a significant strengthening of the steel.
154 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of hydrogen in argon as shielding gas was investigated for tungsten inert gas welding of 316L austenitic stainless steel, and the microstructure, penetration and mechanical properties were examined.
116 citations
01 Jan 2010-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied both single and multiple cycles of low level (5%) strain and annealing to specimens of a type 304 austenitic stainless steel in order to encourage grain boundary engineering (GBE).
Abstract: Thermo-mechanical processes involving both single and multiple cycles of low level (5%) strain and annealing were applied to specimens of a type 304 austenitic stainless steel in order to encourage grain boundary engineering (GBE). As a result of the GBE processing the total length proportion of Σ3n coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries was increased from 43% up to a maximum of 75% in conjunction with moderate grain growth. The increases in Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries resulted in significant decreases in the degree of sensitisation following exposure at 650 °C for up to 4 h and assessment through Double Loop-Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation (DL-EPR) tests. Over 97% of Σ3 boundaries were immune to sensitisation and approximately 80% of Σ9 boundaries were either immune or partially resistant to sensitisation, whereas all other CSL boundaries and general boundaries did not resist sensitisation. Therefore, only Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries were ‘special’. Deformation applied by cold rolling was more effective than tensile deformation in bringing about GBE. In summary, the results presented here show that increasing the fraction of Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries through GBE processing, accompanied by only moderate grain growth, provides an effective route to protection from sensitisation and intergranular corrosion.
110 citations