Effect of Interchannel Coupling and Confinement on the Photoionization of Kr
05 Nov 2012-Vol. 388, Iss: 2, pp 022009
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of interchannel coupling and confinement on the photoionization of the Kr atom was examined and it was found that the position of the Cooper minimum is sensitive to inter-channel coupling in both free and confined Kr.
Abstract: The effect of interchannel coupling and confinement on the photoionization of the Kr atom is examined. It is found that the position of the Cooper minimum is sensitive to interchannel coupling in both free and confined Kr. The strengths of the confinement oscillations are also sensitive to interchannel coupling.
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TL;DR: This work clears a path towards higher PCEs in OPV devices by demonstrating that high-yield charge separation can occur with OPV systems that have a reduced donor/acceptor lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy offset.
Abstract: A limiting factor of the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaic devices is low voltage output Methano derivatives of the trimetallic endohedral fullerene Lu3N@C80 have now been synthesized and used as the acceptor in organic photovoltaics The open circuit voltage of the devices is significantly above those made using alternative fullerenes So far, one of the fundamental limitations of organic photovoltaic (OPV) device power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) has been the low voltage output caused by a molecular orbital mismatch between the donor polymer and acceptor molecules Here, we present a means of addressing the low voltage output by introducing novel trimetallic nitride endohedral fullerenes (TNEFs) as acceptor materials for use in photovoltaic devices TNEFs were discovered in 1999 by Stevenson et al 1; for the first time derivatives of the TNEF acceptor, Lu3N@C80, are synthesized and integrated into OPV devices The reduced energy offset of the molecular orbitals of Lu3N@C80 to the donor, poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT), reduces energy losses in the charge transfer process and increases the open circuit voltage (Voc) to 260 mV above reference devices made with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric methyl ester (C60-PCBM) acceptor PCEs >4% have been observed using P3HT as the donor material This work clears a path towards higher PCEs in OPV devices by demonstrating that high-yield charge separation can occur with OPV systems that have a reduced donor/acceptor lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy offset
577 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a relativistic random-phase approximation (RRPA) for photoionization of atoms is presented, which generalizes the nonrelativistic time-dependent Hartree-Fock equations using the Dirac-Breit Hamiltonian to describe the atomic electrons.
Abstract: A multichannel relativistic random-phase approximation (RRPA) for the photoionization of atoms is presented. The RRPA equations are obtained by generalizing the nonrelativistic time-dependent Hartree-Fock equations using the Dirac-Breit Hamiltonian to describe the atomic electrons. The angular decomposition of the RRPA equations to a set of coupled equations for the radial wave functions is given, and the radiative-transition operators are developed for arbitrary electric and magnetic multipoles. Formulas are obtained for the total photoionization cross sections and angular distributions, including all multipoles. The method of constructing multichannel solutions from the RRPA radial wave functions is described and various ways of choosing approximate potentials for the photoelectron are given.
161 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented experimental evidence for confinement resonances associated with photoabsorption by a Xe atom in a C60 cage, where the giant 4D resonance in photoionization of Xe is predicted to be redistributed into four components due to multipath interference of photoelectron waves reflected by the cage.
Abstract: Experimental evidence is presented for confinement resonances associated with photoabsorption by a Xe atom in a C60 cage. The giant 4d resonance in photoionization of Xe is predicted to be redistributed into four components due to multipath interference of photoelectron waves reflected by the cage. The measurements were made in the photon energy range 60-150 eV by merging a beam of synchrotron radiation with a mass/charge selected Xe@C₆₀+ ion beam. The phenomenon was observed in the Xe@C(58)(3+) product ion channel. [corrected]
113 citations
TL;DR: Pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance experiments on vertical photocurrents through Al/C(60)/ZnO samples showed that an electron spin Rabi oscillation is reflected by transient current changes.
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