Effect of intergenerational educational mobility on health of Indian women.
TL;DR: It is found that the women experiencing upward intergenerational educational mobility have significantly higher chances of experiencing good overall health compared to the women who are having same or lesser level of education as that of their mothers.
Abstract: This study aims to analyse the relationship between intergenerational educational mobility and the overall health of the Indian women. It uses a nationally representative survey, India Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2011-12, and logistic regressions to study this relationship. The sample comprises of women aged 45 years and older. We find that the women experiencing upward intergenerational educational mobility (vis-a-vis their mothers) have significantly higher chances of experiencing good overall health compared to the women who are having same or lesser level of education as that of their mothers. Besides, women suffering from short term or major morbidity have remarkably lower chances of having overall good health. Also, women from rural India have significantly lesser chances of having overall good health as compared to that of urban areas. Further, Muslim women have lesser chances of having overall good health as that of women from other religious categories. Moreover, there is a significant variation in the overall health of women as we move from the eastern region to the western region of India.
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TL;DR: Evidence is offered on the relationship between self-reported health and the employment status in Italy using the Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW), which finds that temporary workers, first-job seekers and unemployed individuals are worse off than permanent employees.
Abstract: The considerable increase of non-standard labor contracts, unemployment and inactivity rates raises the question of whether job insecurity and the lack of job opportunities affect physical and mental well-being differently from being employed with an open-ended contract. In this paper we offer evidence on the relationship between Self Reported Health Status (SRHS) and the employment status in Italy using the Survey on Household Income and Wealth; another aim is to investigate whether these potential inequalities have changed with the recent economic downturn (time period 2006-2010). We estimate an ordered logit model with SRHS as response variable based on a fixed-effects approach which has certain advantages with respect to the random-effects formulation and has not been applied before with SRHS data. The fixed-effects nature of the model also allows us to solve the problems of incidental parameters and non-random selection of individuals into different labor market categories. We find that temporary workers, unemployed and inactive individuals are worse off than permanent employees, especially males, young workers, and those living in the center and south of Italy. Health inequalities between unemployed/inactive and permanent workers widen over time for males and young workers, and arise in the north of the country as well.
32 citations
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TL;DR: The hypothesis that increases in the schooling of women enhance the human capital of the next generation and thus make a unique contribution to economic growth is assessed on the basis of data describing green revolution India as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The hypothesis that increases in the schooling of women enhance the human capital of the next generation and thus make a unique contribution to economic growth is assessed on the basis of data describing green revolution India. Estimates are obtained that indicate that a component of the significant and positive relationship between maternal literacy and child schooling in the Indian setting reflects the productivity effect of home teaching and that the existence of this effect, combined with the increase in returns to schooling for men, importantly underlies the expansion of female literary following the onset of the green revolution.
30 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used two rounds of Indian National Family Health Surveys and concepts of Inequality of Opportunity and Human Opportunity Indices to measure inequality arising out of unequal access to full immunization and minimum nutrition for Indian children.
Abstract: A child’s access to health care and minimum nutrition should not depend on circumstances such as caste, religion, gender, place of birth, or other parental characteristics, which are beyond the control of a child. This paper uses two rounds of Indian National Family Health Surveys and concepts of Inequality of Opportunity and Human Opportunity Indices to measure inequality arising out of unequal access to full immunization and minimum nutrition for Indian children. The results suggest overall high level of inequality of opportunity with substantial geographical variations. Changes in inequality of opportunity in the two services during 1992-93 to 2005-06 were mixed with some geographical regions outperforming others. The findings also call for substantial policy revisions if the goal of universal access to full immunization and minimum nutrition has to be achieved.
23 citations
01 Sep 2019
TL;DR: The findings suggest that Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride can be a potential novel inhibitor of CHIKV polymerase and should be further validated by in vitro assays.
Abstract: Non-structural protein 4 (nsP4) polymerase of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has a crucial role in genome replication and hence could act as a promising target for novel therapeutics. Though, nsP4 is important in viral life cycle, but it is less explored as therapeutic target. The catalytic core of nsP4 Polymerase includes conserved GDD motif which is present not only across different CHIKV strains but also across other Alphaviruses. This emphasizes the uniqueness and importance of this motif in the functioning of nsP4 polymerase and hence, we focused on GDD motif for docking of drug molecules. Herein, a model of nsP4 polymerase was developed using Swiss Model, validated by Ramachandran plot and molecular dynamic simulation. Molecular docking was performed using LeadIT FlexX flexible docking module with FDA approved drug molecule library. On the basis of flexX score, top 5 leads with flexX scores − 33.7588, − 30.2555, − 29.6043, − 28.916 and − 28.5042 were selected. The bonding pattern of these leads were analysed in discovery studio and were further screened on the basis of molecular dynamic simulation studies. Simulation analysis revealed that only the top lead, Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride which is an anticancer drug and is currently indicated in leukemias and lymphomas interacted favourably and stably with nsP4. Our findings suggest that Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride can be a potential novel inhibitor of CHIKV polymerase and should be further validated by in vitro assays.
11 citations
09 Apr 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that every hour four children are being sexually abused in the country, and that child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread problem against children in India.
Abstract: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread problem against children in India. Data suggest that every hour four children are being sexually abused in the country. In this context, the current...
3 citations
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TL;DR: The main conclusions are the following: GWHI contributes substantially to the overall inequality in immunization status of Indian children; and though the Overall inequality in Immunization status declined in all the regions, the changes in G WHI were mixed.
Abstract: Background and Objectives
Despite India's substantial economic growth in the past two decades, girls in India are discriminated against in access to preventive healthcare including immunizations Surprisingly, no study has assessed the contribution of gender based within-household discrimination to the overall inequality in immunization status of Indian children This study therefore has two objectives: to estimate the gender based within-household inequality (GWHI) in immunization status of Indian children and to examine the inter-regional and inter-temporal variations in the GWHI
54 citations
51 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Gender-based inequalities translate into greater value being placed on the health and survival of males than of females, which limits women's power over decision-making and freedom of movement as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Gender-based inequalities translate into greater value being placed on the health and survival of males than of females. In India, examples of health and population indicators that are driven by gender differences in the perceived worth of males and females include sex ratios at birth, infant and child mortality by sex, and low ages at marriage for women. Further, at the household level, disempowerment of women results in their lowered access to resources such as education, employment, and income, and limits their power over decisionmaking and freedom of movement. Men‘s power over women can be measured, on the one hand, by assessing the level of women‘s and men‘s agreement with norms that give men the right to exercise control over women and, on the other hand, by measuring the extent to which women are subject to spousal violence.
50 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the impacts of childbearing on individual-level happiness in Poland have been investigated and it was shown that neither for men nor for women does the positive impact of parenthood rise with an increase in parity.
Abstract: In the recent decade demographers turned their attention to investigating the effects of children on self-rated happiness or life satisfaction. The underlying idea of this strand of research is to find out whether it pays off for individuals to become parents in terms of their subjective well-being, given the costs of having children. Following this line of research, this article studies the impacts of childbearing on individual-level happiness in Poland; a country which experienced a rapid decline in fertility despite the particularly strong attachment of young Poles to family values. To this end, we applied methods for panel data analysis which allowed us to control for endogeneity of subjective well-being and parenthood. Our results reveal a significantly positive effect of the first child on the subjective well-being of mothers. For men, this impact is weaker and most likely temporary since it weakens with the child’s increasing age. An important finding is that neither for men nor for women does the positive impact of parenthood rise with an increase in parity. This may explain the persistence of low fertility in this country.
49 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an econometric analysis has been carried out to understand the most important factors that may affect women's probability of being in any of the various labour market outcomes separately for the rural and urban labour markets in India.
Abstract: This paper reviews the literature on female labour force participation and women’s employment, with the aim of better understanding the drivers of labour market outcomes. This paper also attempts to explore the situation of women globally and in South Asia, through an examination of long-term trends of female employment. It goes further, explaining the reasons for the falling participation of women in the Indian labour market. In doing so, an econometric analysis has been carried out to understand the most important factors that may affect their probability of being in any of the various labour market outcomes, separately for the rural and urban labour markets in India. The findings reveal the importance of education, especially of post-secondary schooling.
49 citations