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Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of intergenerational educational mobility on health of Indian women.

07 Sep 2018-PLOS ONE (Public Library of Science)-Vol. 13, Iss: 9, pp 1-16
TL;DR: It is found that the women experiencing upward intergenerational educational mobility have significantly higher chances of experiencing good overall health compared to the women who are having same or lesser level of education as that of their mothers.
Abstract: This study aims to analyse the relationship between intergenerational educational mobility and the overall health of the Indian women. It uses a nationally representative survey, India Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2011-12, and logistic regressions to study this relationship. The sample comprises of women aged 45 years and older. We find that the women experiencing upward intergenerational educational mobility (vis-a-vis their mothers) have significantly higher chances of experiencing good overall health compared to the women who are having same or lesser level of education as that of their mothers. Besides, women suffering from short term or major morbidity have remarkably lower chances of having overall good health. Also, women from rural India have significantly lesser chances of having overall good health as compared to that of urban areas. Further, Muslim women have lesser chances of having overall good health as that of women from other religious categories. Moreover, there is a significant variation in the overall health of women as we move from the eastern region to the western region of India.

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Citations
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Posted Content
TL;DR: Evidence is offered on the relationship between self-reported health and the employment status in Italy using the Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW), which finds that temporary workers, first-job seekers and unemployed individuals are worse off than permanent employees.
Abstract: The considerable increase of non-standard labor contracts, unemployment and inactivity rates raises the question of whether job insecurity and the lack of job opportunities affect physical and mental well-being differently from being employed with an open-ended contract. In this paper we offer evidence on the relationship between Self Reported Health Status (SRHS) and the employment status in Italy using the Survey on Household Income and Wealth; another aim is to investigate whether these potential inequalities have changed with the recent economic downturn (time period 2006-2010). We estimate an ordered logit model with SRHS as response variable based on a fixed-effects approach which has certain advantages with respect to the random-effects formulation and has not been applied before with SRHS data. The fixed-effects nature of the model also allows us to solve the problems of incidental parameters and non-random selection of individuals into different labor market categories. We find that temporary workers, unemployed and inactive individuals are worse off than permanent employees, especially males, young workers, and those living in the center and south of Italy. Health inequalities between unemployed/inactive and permanent workers widen over time for males and young workers, and arise in the north of the country as well.

32 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: The hypothesis that increases in the schooling of women enhance the human capital of the next generation and thus make a unique contribution to economic growth is assessed on the basis of data describing green revolution India as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The hypothesis that increases in the schooling of women enhance the human capital of the next generation and thus make a unique contribution to economic growth is assessed on the basis of data describing green revolution India. Estimates are obtained that indicate that a component of the significant and positive relationship between maternal literacy and child schooling in the Indian setting reflects the productivity effect of home teaching and that the existence of this effect, combined with the increase in returns to schooling for men, importantly underlies the expansion of female literary following the onset of the green revolution.

30 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used two rounds of Indian National Family Health Surveys and concepts of Inequality of Opportunity and Human Opportunity Indices to measure inequality arising out of unequal access to full immunization and minimum nutrition for Indian children.
Abstract: A child’s access to health care and minimum nutrition should not depend on circumstances such as caste, religion, gender, place of birth, or other parental characteristics, which are beyond the control of a child. This paper uses two rounds of Indian National Family Health Surveys and concepts of Inequality of Opportunity and Human Opportunity Indices to measure inequality arising out of unequal access to full immunization and minimum nutrition for Indian children. The results suggest overall high level of inequality of opportunity with substantial geographical variations. Changes in inequality of opportunity in the two services during 1992-93 to 2005-06 were mixed with some geographical regions outperforming others. The findings also call for substantial policy revisions if the goal of universal access to full immunization and minimum nutrition has to be achieved.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2019
TL;DR: The findings suggest that Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride can be a potential novel inhibitor of CHIKV polymerase and should be further validated by in vitro assays.
Abstract: Non-structural protein 4 (nsP4) polymerase of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has a crucial role in genome replication and hence could act as a promising target for novel therapeutics. Though, nsP4 is important in viral life cycle, but it is less explored as therapeutic target. The catalytic core of nsP4 Polymerase includes conserved GDD motif which is present not only across different CHIKV strains but also across other Alphaviruses. This emphasizes the uniqueness and importance of this motif in the functioning of nsP4 polymerase and hence, we focused on GDD motif for docking of drug molecules. Herein, a model of nsP4 polymerase was developed using Swiss Model, validated by Ramachandran plot and molecular dynamic simulation. Molecular docking was performed using LeadIT FlexX flexible docking module with FDA approved drug molecule library. On the basis of flexX score, top 5 leads with flexX scores − 33.7588, − 30.2555, − 29.6043, − 28.916 and − 28.5042 were selected. The bonding pattern of these leads were analysed in discovery studio and were further screened on the basis of molecular dynamic simulation studies. Simulation analysis revealed that only the top lead, Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride which is an anticancer drug and is currently indicated in leukemias and lymphomas interacted favourably and stably with nsP4. Our findings suggest that Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride can be a potential novel inhibitor of CHIKV polymerase and should be further validated by in vitro assays.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
09 Apr 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that every hour four children are being sexually abused in the country, and that child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread problem against children in India.
Abstract: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread problem against children in India. Data suggest that every hour four children are being sexually abused in the country. In this context, the current...

3 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Karen B. DeSalvo1, Nicole Bloser1, Kristi Reynolds1, Jiang He1, Paul Muntner1 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a systematic review of the association between a single item assessing general self-rated health (GSRH) and mortality and found that persons with poor self-reported health had a 2-fold higher mortality risk compared with persons with "excellent" health status, even after adjustment for key covariates such as functional status, depression, and co-morbidity.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Health planners and policy makers are increasingly asking for a feasible method to identify vulnerable persons with the greatest health needs. We conducted a systematic review of the association between a single item assessing general self-rated health (GSRH) and mortality. DATA SOURCES: Systematic MEDLINE and EMBASE database searches for studies published from January 1966 to September 2003. REVIEW METHODS: Two investigators independently searched English language prospective, community-based cohort studies that reported (1) all-cause mortality, (2) a question assessing GSRH; and (3) an adjusted relative risk or equivalent. The investigators searched the citations to determine inclusion eligibility and abstracted data by following a standarized protocol. Of the 163 relevant studies identified, 22 cohorts met the inclusion criteria. Using a random effects model, compared with persons reporting “excellent” health status, the relative risk (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality was 1.23 [1.09, 1.39], 1.44 [1.21, 1.71], and 1.92 [1.64, 2.25] for those reporting “good,” “fair,” and “poor” health status, respectively. This relationship was robust in sensitivity analyses, limited to studies that adjusted for comorbid illness, functional status, cognitive status, and depression, and across subgroups defined by gender and country of origin. CONCLUSIONS: Persons with “poor” self-rated health had a 2-fold higher mortality risk compared with persons with “excellent” self-rated health. Subjects’ responses to a simple, single-item GSRH question maintained a strong association with mortality even after adjustment for key covariates such as functional status, depression, and co-morbidity.

1,944 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that the number of hours of domestic labor has continued to decline steadily and predictably since 1965, mainly due to dramatic declines among women, who have cut their housework hours almost in half since the 1960s.
Abstract: Time-diary data from representative samples ofAmerican adults show thatthenumber ofoverall hours ofdomestic labor (excluding child care andshopping) has continued to decline steadily and predictably since 1965. This finding is mainly due todramatic declines among women (both in and out of thepaidlabor market), whohave cuttheir housework hours almostin halfsince the 1960s: abouthalfofwomen's 12-hour-per­ week decline can beaccountedfor bycompositional shifts - such asincreased labor force participation, later marriage, andfewer children. In contrast, men's housework time has almost doubled during thisperiod (to thepointwhere menwere responsible for a third ofhousework in the 1990s), and only about15% of theirfive-hour-per­ week increase can be attributed to compositional factors. Parallel results on gender differences in housework were obtained from theNational Survey of Families and Households estimate data, even though these producefigures 50%higher thandiary data. Regression results examiningfactors related to wives' andhusbands' housework hours showmore support for the time-availability and relative-resource models of household production thanfor thegender perspective, although there issome support for thelatter perspective aswell.

1,816 citations

07 Feb 2010
TL;DR: The Marmot Review report was published in February 2010, of the Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England post-2010, which published its report Fair Society, Healthy Lives.
Abstract: Fair Society, Healthy Lives: The Marmot Review report was published in February 2010, of the Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England post-2010. Marmot, M. (2010). Fair Society, Healthy Lives: the Marmot Review. Strategic review of health inequalities in England post 2010. ucl.ac.uk/marmotreview. Sir Michael Marmot has led research groups on health inequalities for over 35 years. British Government, he conducted a Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England post 2010, which published its report Fair Society, Healthy Lives. I on behalf of the Marmot Review (2010). Fair Society, Healthy Lives. Strategic review of health inequalities in England post-2010. The Marmot Review: London.

1,091 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found that men spend a greater proportion of the income they earn on goods such as alcohol, cigarettes, status consumer goods, and female companionship, while women are more likely to buy goods for children and for general household consumption.
Abstract: Case studies of African households frequently suggest that the identity of persons earning income affects how that money is spent.' In particular, it is often claimed that relative to women, men spend a greater proportion of the income they earn on goods such as alcohol, cigarettes, status consumer goods, and female companionship'. By contrast, women are more likely to purchase goods for children and for general household consumption.

881 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The social structure and personality perspective provides a theoretical and analytical framework for understanding the persisting association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes as mentioned in this paper, and the authors suggest that health behaviors, stress, social ties, and attitudinal orientations are critical links between social structure, and are linked more strongly to health status than is medical care.
Abstract: The social structure and personality perspective provides a theoretical and analytical framework for understanding the persisting association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes. Current research suggests that health behaviors, stress, social ties, and attitudinal orientations are critical links between social structure and health status. These psychosocial factors are linked more strongly to health status than is medical care and are related systematically to SES. The social distributions of these factors represent the patterned response of social groups to the conditions imposed on them by social structure. Accordingly the elimination of inequalities in health status ultimately may require changes not only in psychosocial factors or health care delivery, but also in socioeconomic conditions. Research is needed that will identify the criticalfeatures of SES which determine health, delineate the mechanisms and processes whereby social stratification produces disease, and specify the psychological and interpersonal processes that can intensify or mitigate the effects of social structure.

774 citations