Effect of irradiation dose, storage time and temperature on the ESR signal in irradiated oat, and corn and wheat
TL;DR: An analysis of the free radical decay as a function of time and temperature shows the contribution of at least three types of radicals, whose half-lifes, radiochemical yields and activation energies are given.
About: This article is published in Applied Radiation and Isotopes.The article was published on 1996-11-01. It has received 1039 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Irradiation.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an evaluation and review of the transit time literature in the context of catchments and water transit time estimation and provide a critical analysis of unresolved issues when applied at the catchment-scale.
766 citations
TL;DR: Targeted imaging and therapeutic agents will be developed in tandem through close collaboration between academia and biotechnology, information technology and pharmaceutical industries to improve outcome and reduce collateral effects.
654 citations
19 Sep 1997
Abstract: The Evaluated Photon Data Library, 1997 version (EPLD97), is designed for use in photon transport calculations at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory This library includes photon interaction data for all elements with atomic number between Z = 1 (hydrogne) and 100 (fermium), including: photoionization, photoexcitation, coherent and incoherent scattering, and pair and triplet porduction cross sections For use in applications data is provided for all elements over the energy range 1 eV to 100 GeV This report documents the sources and treatment of the data included inthis library EPDL97 completely supersedes the earlier 1989 version of EPDL and it is highly recommended that useres only use the most recent version of this library
515 citations
TL;DR: This work summarized the latest discoveries and advancements in the study of antioxidative polysaccharides and gave a detailed description of the possible mechanisms of these antioxidant actions.
Abstract: It is widely acknowledged that the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) induced oxidative stress will cause significant damage to cell structure and biomolecular function, directly or indirectly leading to a number of diseases The overproduction of ROS/RNS will be balanced by nonenzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes Polysaccharide or glycoconjugates derived from natural products are of considerable interest from the viewpoint of potent in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activities recently Particularly, with regard to the in vitro antioxidant systems, polysaccharides are considered as effective free radical scavenger, reducing agent, and ferrous chelator in most of the reports However, the underlying mechanisms of these antioxidant actions have not been illustrated systematically and sometimes controversial results appeared among various literatures To address this issue, we summarized the latest discoveries and advancements in the study of antioxidative polysaccharides and gave a detailed description of the possible mechanisms
484 citations
Columbia University1, University of Bologna2, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare3, University of Mainz4, University of Münster5, University of Coimbra6, University of Turin7, University of Amsterdam8, New York University Abu Dhabi9, University of Zurich10, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute11, Weizmann Institute of Science12, Max Planck Society13, Purdue University14, University of Freiburg15, University of L'Aquila16, University of Tokyo17, Nagoya University18, Konan University19, University of California, San Diego20, University of Chicago21, Rice University22, University of California, Los Angeles23
TL;DR: In this article, the XENON1T data was used for searches for new physics with low-energy electronic recoil data recorded with the Xenon1T detector, which enabled one of the most sensitive searches for solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment using solar neutrinos, and bosonic dark matter.
Abstract: We report results from searches for new physics with low-energy electronic recoil data recorded with the XENON1T detector. With an exposure of 0.65 tonne-years and an unprecedentedly low background rate of 76±2stat events/(tonne×year×keV) between 1 and 30 keV, the data enable one of the most sensitive searches for solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment using solar neutrinos, and bosonic dark matter. An excess over known backgrounds is observed at low energies and most prominent between 2 and 3 keV.
The solar axion model has a 3.4σ significance, and a three-dimensional 90% confidence surface is reported for axion couplings to electrons, photons, and nucleons. This surface is inscribed in the cuboid defined by gae<3.8×10-12, gaeganeff<4.8×10-18, and gaegaγ<7.7×10-22 GeV-1, and excludes either gae=0 or gaegaγ=gaeganeff=0. The neutrino magnetic moment signal is similarly favored over background at 3.2σ, and a confidence interval of μν∈(1.4,2.9)×10-11 μB (90% C.L.) is reported. Both results are in strong tension with stellar constraints. The excess can also be explained by β decays of tritium at 3.2σ significance with a corresponding tritium concentration in xenon of (6.2±2.0)×10-25 mol/mol. Such a trace amount can neither be confirmed nor excluded with current knowledge of its production and reduction mechanisms. The significances of the solar axion and neutrino magnetic moment hypotheses are decreased to 2.0σ and 0.9σ, respectively, if an unconstrained tritium component is included in the fitting. With respect to bosonic dark matter, the excess favors a monoenergetic peak at (2.3±0.2) keV (68% C.L.) with a 3.0σ global (4.0σ local) significance over background.
This analysis sets the most restrictive direct constraints to date on pseudoscalar and vector bosonic dark matter for most masses between 1 and 210 keV/c2. We also consider the possibility that Ar37 may be present in the detector, yielding a 2.82 keV peak from electron capture. Contrary to tritium, the Ar37 concentration can be tightly constrained and is found to be negligible.
452 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, Spectrophotometric and electron spin resonance techniques were used to investigate the formation of colored material by 2-m.v. electron irradiation of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride moldings.
Abstract: When polyvinyl chloride is irradiated with high energy radiation a visible color change varying through green-yellow to deep red-black is produced, depending upon the dose and temperature. Spectrophotometric and electron spin resonance techniques were used to investigate the formation of colored material by 2-m.e.v. electron irradiation of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride moldings. The observed chemistry of the colored material is in agreement with the postulations of earlier workers that colored polyene structures are formed. Three radiation-produced free radicals decaying at room temperature with half-lives of 4.5, 63, and 1630 hr. were observed. The color in the 550 mμ region was found to be inversely proportional to the concentration of the long-lived radical. The presence of absorption maxima in the 350–500 mμ region was observed in irradiated moldings and in tetrahydrofuran solutions of irradiated moldings.
29 citations
TL;DR: Electron-spin-resonance experiments on irradiated seeds have shown that the radicals induced by gamma-radiation are very sensitive to the moisture-content of the seeds.
Abstract: SummaryElectron-spin-resonance experiments on irradiated seeds have shown that the radicals induced by gamma-radiation are very sensitive to the moisture-content of the seeds. However, at x-band frequencies the dielectric effect of the water in the sample has limited such experiments to moisture-contents of about 12 per cent. By using an E.S.R. spectrometer of low microwave frequency the gamma-induced radicals in white-mustard seeds have been studied with moisture-contents of up to 70 per cent by weight, and measurements made while gamma-irradiation was in progress. Both radical production and radical decay are studied in seed samples of various moisture-contents and in seeds treated with the protective agent AET.
21 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of results suggest the presence of only one type of radical produced by both the mechanical and irradiation processes in Gamma-irradiated corn samples studied by the EPR technique, which shows a linear dependence in this dose range.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an ESR study of the free radicals induced in γ-irradiated corn was performed and a single line was detected in the dose range of 0.2-1.8 kGy.
15 citations