Effect of KH-BaRoKer-SeongJangTang based on traditional medicine theory on longitudinal bone growth
31 May 2014-Vol. 4, Iss: 2, pp 45-50
TL;DR: Evaluated effects of KBS on bone growth suggest that KBS would be helpful to children who are in retard for their age through the elevation of IGF-I.
Abstract: KH-BaRoKer-SeongJangTang (KBS) is a recently developed formulation by using traditional drugs considering traditional medical theory of Oriental books such as ShinNongBonChoGyeong and JuRye, which has been used to improve the growth of child in Korea. Although KBS is usually prescribed to many children who are in retard for their age, its pharmacological effects have not been fully understood in experimental models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of KBS on bone growth. Growth plate thickness and bone parameters such as bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), connection density (Conn.D), and total porosity were analyzed by means of microcomputed tomography. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription5 (STAT5) was investigated using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The thickness of growth plate was increased by KBS. BV/TV, Tb.Th, TbN, Conn.D, and total porosity were improved by KBS. Hepatic IGF-I mRNA and serum IGF-I levels were elevated by KBS. Phosphorylation of STAT5 was increased with administration of KBS. These results suggest that KBS would be helpful to children who are in retard for their age through the elevation of IGF-I.
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TL;DR: GA has estrogenic and osteogenic activities in OVX mice, MG-63 cells, and MCF-7 cells and was demonstrated to attenuate estrogen deficiency-induced menopausal symptoms.
15 citations
Cites methods from "Effect of KH-BaRoKer-SeongJangTang ..."
...Volumetric analysis was completed using the associated software applications, as described previously [28,29]....
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TL;DR: The results indicate that PPE or Arg would have estrogenic and osteoblastic activity and may be useful as new pharmacological tools for treating menopausal symptoms including osteoporosis.
Abstract: Menopause is a significant physiological phase that occurs as women's ovaries stop producing ovum and the production of estrogen declines. Human placenta and some amino acids are known to improve menopausal symptoms. In this study, we investigated that porcine placenta extract (PPE) and arginine (Arg), a main amino acid of PPE, would have estrogenic activities in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as a menopause mouse model, human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) cells, and human osteoblast cell line (MG-63) cells. PPE or Arg significantly inhibited the body weight and increased the vagina weight compared to the OVX mice. PPE or Arg ameliorated the vaginal atrophy in the OVX mice. The levels of 17β-estradiol and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased by PPE or Arg in the serum of OVX mice. Trabecular bone parameters such as bone mineral density and porosity were also improved by PPE or Arg in the OVX mice. In the MCF-7 and MG-63 cells, PPE or Arg significantly increased the cell proliferation, estrogen receptor β mRNA expression, and estrogen-response elements luciferase activity. Finally, PPE or Arg increased the activations of ALP and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the MG-63 cells. These results indicate that PPE or Arg would have estrogenic and osteoblastic activity. Therefore, PPE or Arg may be useful as new pharmacological tools for treating menopausal symptoms including osteoporosis. Free Korean abstract: A Korean translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/150/3/173/suppl/DC1.
13 citations
31 May 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of methanol extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum leaves and cinnamon oil was evaluated by 96-well microtiter plate assay and thin layer chromatography bioassay detection methods.
Abstract: Cinnamomum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) is a tropical evergreen tree of Lauraceae family. It is one of the oldest culinary spices known and used traditionally in many cultures for centuries. In addition to its culinary uses, cinnamon also possesses as a folk remedy of many health disease condition including analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, haemostatic, insecticidal, and parasiticide and memory enhancing property. This study was aimed to assess the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of standardized methanol extract of the C. zeylanicum. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were done to identify the presence of eugenol as chemical component and support the neuroprotective activity in the extract. Anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of crude methanol extract of C. zeylanicum leaves and cinnamon oil were evaluated by 96-well microtiter plate assay and thin layer chromatography bioassay detection methods. This study revealed that cinnamon oil (IC 50 : 45.88 ± 1.94 μg/ml) has better anticholinesterase activity than methanol extract (IC 50 : 77.78 ± 0.03 μg/ml). In HPLC analysis, retention time of eugenol in cinnamon oil was found to be 15.81 min which was comparable with the retention time (15.99 min) of the reference standard, eugenol. Seven chemical compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis, in which eugenol as an important phytoconstituents. Thus the phytochemicals from C. zeylanicum methanol leaves extract could be developed as potential source of anticholinesterase activity, with particular benefit in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
11 citations
TL;DR: Glycine has an estrogen-like osteoprotective effect in menopause models and it is suggested that glycine may be useful for the treatment ofMenopause.
Abstract: Recently, the placenta mesotherapy has been widely used to treat menopause. Placenta contains amino acids, peptides, minerals, and estrogen. Here, we investigated the estrogen-like osteoprotective effects of glycine (a main ingredient of placenta) in in vitro and in vivo models of menopause. We assessed the effect of glycine on MG-63 osteoblast cell line, MCF-7 estrogen-dependent cell line, and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Glycine significantly increased the MG-63 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase were increased by glycine in MG-63 cells. Glycine also increased the BrdU-incorporation and Ki-67 mRNA expression in MCF-7 cells. Glycine induced the up-regulation of estrogen receptor-β mRNA expression and estrogen-response element-luciferase activity in MG-63 and MCF-7 cells. In OVX mice, glycine was administered orally at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg per day for 8 weeks. Glycine resulted in the greatest decrease in weight gain caused by ovariectomy. Meanwhile, vaginal weight reduced by ovariectomy was increased by glycine. Glycine significantly increased the ALP activity in OVX mice. MicroCT-analysis showed that glycine significantly enhanced bone mineral density, trabecular number, and connectivity density in OVX mice. Moreover, glycine significantly increased the serum 17β-estradiol levels reduced by ovariectomy. Glycine has an estrogen-like osteoprotective effect in menopause models. Therefore, we suggest that glycine may be useful for the treatment of menopause.
8 citations
Cites background or methods from "Effect of KH-BaRoKer-SeongJangTang ..."
...High-resolution μCT was used to provide the 2D and 3D information on bone geometry according to previous report (Kim et al. 2014b)....
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...Ovariectomy was performed according to previous study (Kim et al. 2014a)....
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...Differentiation, proliferation, and mineralization of osteoblasts were regulated by osteoporosis (Ji et al. 2007; Kim et al. 2014a)....
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...Estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis is a disease defined by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissues, with the bone becoming progressively susceptible to fractures due to fragility (Kim et al. 2014a)....
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...The activation of ERK also induced proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts (Kim et al. 2014c)....
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Cys has estrogenic and osteogenic activities in OVX mice, MG-63 cells, and MCF-7 cells, suggesting the potential use of Cys as a new agent for postmenopausal women.
Abstract: Cysteine (Cys) is well known to be involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, serving as a source of sulfides in the body. Amino acids are known to improve menopausal symptoms and significantly reduce morbidity. This study aims to find an unrevealed effect of Cys with estrogenic and osteogenic actions. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were treated with Cys daily for 8 weeks. Estrogen-related and osteoporosis-related factors were analyzed in the vagina, serum, and tibia. Cys was treated in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and ER-positive human breast cancer Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. Cysteine administration ameliorated overweightness of the body and vaginal atrophy in the OVX mice. Cysteine increased the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and 17β-estradiol in the serum of the OVX mice and improved the bone mineral density in the OVX mice. In MG-63 cells, Cys increased the proliferation, ERβ messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and estrogen response element (ERE) activity. Cysteine increased the ALP activity and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In MCF-7 cells, Cys also increased the proliferation, ERβ mRNA expression, and ERE activity. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Cys has estrogenic and osteogenic activities in OVX mice, MG-63 cells, and MCF-7 cells. The novel insights gained here strongly imply the potential use of Cys as a new agent for postmenopausal women.
8 citations
Cites methods from "Effect of KH-BaRoKer-SeongJangTang ..."
...The 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional information on bone geometry were provided using high-resolution microcomputed tomography, as previously described.(25)...
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References
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TL;DR: TGF-β1 and IGF-1 were efficient to stimulate cell proliferation of human NP cells in vitro with a dose- and time-dependent manner and support the therapeutic potentials of the two growth factors in the treatment of disc degeneration.
Abstract: The low proliferative viability of human nucleus pulposus(NP) cells is considered as a cause of intervertebral discs degeneration. Growth factors, such as TGF-β1 and IGF-1, have been implicated in cell proliferation and matrix synthesis. To investigate the dose-response and time-course effect of transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1) and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) on proliferation of NP cells. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) is reduced by dehydrogenase in mitochondria of live cells. The proliferative viability of cells corresponds to the amount of MTT reduced, which is measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader. In this study, we assessed dose- and time-dependent effects of NP cells to TGF-β1 and IGF-1 in medium with different serum concentrations by MTT assay. After release of informed consent, tissue samples of NP were obtained from anterior surgical procedures performed on five donors with idiopathic scoliosis. Isolated cells were cultured in F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS). Cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 1 × 103 cells/well. After synchronization, medium was replaced by F12 containing 1% or 10% FBS with either single or combination of TGF-β1 and IGF-1. Dose-response and time-course effect were examined by MTT assay. In the presence of 1% FBS, the response to IGF-1 was less striking, whereas TGF-β1 had a remarkably stimulating effect on cell proliferation. In 10% FBS, both of the two growth factors had statistical significant mitogenic effects, especially TGF-β1. The dose-dependent effect of TGF and IGF on cell proliferation was found within different concentrations of each growth factor(TGF-β1 1–10 μg/L, IGF-1 10–100 μg/L). The time-course effect showed a significant elevation three days later. TGF-β1 and IGF-1 were efficient to stimulate cell proliferation of human NP cells in vitro with a dose- and time-dependent manner. These results support the therapeutic potentials of the two growth factors in the treatment of disc degeneration.
41 citations
"Effect of KH-BaRoKer-SeongJangTang ..." refers background in this paper
...IGF-I is a mitogenic factor for various cells and plays an important role in cell growth and survival, and the majority of plasma IGF-I is biosynthesized in the liver (King et al., 2013; Weng et al., 2009; Youreva et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2006)....
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TL;DR: It is concluded that PEM changes NF-kB signalling pathway in macrophages to LPS stimulus, and decreased TRAF-6 expression and NF-κB activation after LPS stimulation.
Abstract: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is an important public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. PEM decreases resistance to infection, impairing a number of physiological processes. In unstimulated cells, NF-κB is kept from binding to its consensus sequence by the inhibitor IκBα, which retains NF-κB in the cytoplasm. Upon various signals, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IκBα is rapidly degraded and NF-κB is induced to translocate into the nucleus, where it activates expression of various genes that participate in the inflammatory response, including those involved in the synthesis of TNF-α. TRAF-6 is a cytoplasmic adapter protein that links the stimulatory signal from Toll like receptor-4 to NF-κB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of malnutrition on induction of TNF-α by LPS in murine peritoneal macrophages. We evaluated peritoneal cellularity, the expression of MyD88, TRAF-6, IKK, IκBα and NF-κB, NF-κB activation and TNF-α mRNA and protein synthesis in macrophages. Two-month-old male BALB/C mice were submitted to PEM with a low-protein diet that contained 2% protein, compared to 12% protein in the control diet. When the experimental group had lost about 20% of the original body weight, it was used in the subsequent experiments. Malnourished animals presented anemia, leucopenia and severe reduction in peritoneal cavity cellularity. TNF-α mRNA and protein levels of macrophages stimulated with LPS were significantly lower in malnourished animals. PEM also decreased TRAF-6 expression and NF-κB activation after LPS stimulation. These results led us to conclude that PEM changes NF-kB signalling pathway in macrophages to LPS stimulus.
39 citations
TL;DR: Ethanolic extracts of EM and SA accelerate fracture repair in rats via stimulatory effects on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, thereby justifying their traditional use.
27 citations
"Effect of KH-BaRoKer-SeongJangTang ..." refers methods in this paper
...Th; mm) was calculated according to the method of Hildebrand and Ruegsegger (Ngueguim et al., 2012)....
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TL;DR: A patient whose longstanding PCME had been refractory to previous treatments with both subtenon triamcinolone and intravitreal ranibizumab was presented, and the condition appeared to be fully reversible once inflammation was controlled.
Abstract: Background Refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) following cataract surgery has long posed a challenge to clinicians, but intravitreal injections with a sustained delivery 0.7 mg dexamethasone implant has emerged as a promising therapy for this condition. Objective To present a case of longstanding and refractory PCME with complete remission through 189 days of follow-up after two successive injections with intravitreal dexamethasone implants. Case report A 59-year-old male had experienced metamorphopsia for approximately 4 years and had been diagnosed with PCME 15 months earlier. Since the time of the diagnosis, the condition had been refractory to both subtenon triamcinolone acetonide and a total of five injections with intravitreal ranibizumab. After the last injection with ranibizumab, central subfield mean thickness was 640 μm, and the best corrected visual acuity was 78 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters. Following an intravitreal injection with a dexamethasone implant, the macular edema resolved at the next follow-up. The macular edema returned 187 days after the first injection and was treated with another intravitreal dexamethasone implant. Again, the macular edema subsided completely, and best corrected visual acuity improved to 84 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters, a condition which was maintained through an additional 189 days of follow-up. Conclusion Chronic PCME is traditionally a difficult condition to treat, but we are encouraged by the optimal response experienced with intravitreal sustained release dexamethasone implants in our patient whose longstanding PCME had been refractory to previous treatments with both subtenon triamcinolone and intravitreal ranibizumab. In this case, the condition appeared to be fully reversible once inflammation was controlled, but the need for monitoring and repeated injections remains an issue of concern.
27 citations
TL;DR: IGF-1 is a mitogen for hRPE cells and also stimulates production of the angiogenic factor, VEGF, suggesting that the MAP kinase pathway is involved in IGF-1-mediated angiogenesis.
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the mitogenic activity of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on the proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (hRPE) and to elucidate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and MAP kinase (MAPK) in the IGF-1 signaling cascade.Methods: Human RPE specimens were obtained from postmortem non-pathological eyes and cultured in vitro through several passages. Cellular proliferation in the presence of increasing concentrations of IGF-1 and IGF-1 + PD98059 (a known MAPK inhibitor) was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation; trypan blue exclusion studies (T) verified cell viability. Under the same experimental conditions, synthesis of VEGF was measured utilizing [14C]methionine immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemical methods as well as Western blot analysis.Results: IGF-1 stimulated hRPE proliferation, as demonstrated by [3H]thymidine incorporation. There was also an IGF-1-induced increase in VEGF synthesis as measured quantitatively by [14C]methionine-VEGF...
26 citations
"Effect of KH-BaRoKer-SeongJangTang ..." refers background in this paper
...IGF-I is a mitogenic factor for various cells and plays an important role in cell growth and survival, and the majority of plasma IGF-I is biosynthesized in the liver (King et al., 2013; Weng et al., 2009; Youreva et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2006)....
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