Effect of lindane on eggshell characteristics and calcium level in the domestic duck.
TL;DR: Diethyl stilboestrol post-treatment neutralized all the adverse effects of lindane on duck eggshell, indicating induced estrogen deficiency in such birds by lINDane.
About: This article is published in Toxicology.The article was published on 1986-12-15. It has received 17 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Eggshell.
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01 Oct 1997-Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology
TL;DR: A review of the effects and mechanism of action of p,p'-DDE on eggshell formation in birds is presented in this article, where the authors compare the two species in regard to the calcium and prostaglandin metabolism of the eggshell gland.
177 citations
01 Jun 1996
TL;DR: The Environmental Restoration (ER) Risk Assessment Program as mentioned in this paper provides the ER Program with toxicological benchmarks that may be used as comparative tools in screening assessments as well as lines of evidence to support or refute the presence of ecological effects in ecological risk assessments.
Abstract: The purpose of this report is to present toxicological benchmarks for assessment of effects of certain chemicals on mammalian and avian wildlife species. Publication of this document meets a milestone for the Environmental Restoration (ER) Risk Assessment Program. This document provides the ER Program with toxicological benchmarks that may be used as comparative tools in screening assessments as well as lines of evidence to support or refute the presence of ecological effects in ecological risk assessments. The chemicals considered in this report are some that occur at US DOE waste sites, and the wildlife species evaluated herein were chosen because they represent a range of body sizes and diets.
151 citations
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present NOAEL- and lowest observed adverse effects level (LOAEL)-based toxicological benchmarks for assessment of effects of 85 chemicals on 9 representative mammalian wildlife species (short-tailed shrew, little brown bat, meadow vole, white-footed mouse, cottontail rabbit, mink, red fox, and whitetail deer).
Abstract: Ecological risks of environmental contaminants are evaluated by using a two-tiered process. In the first tier, a screening assessment is performed where concentrations of contaminants in the environment are compared to no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL)-based toxicological benchmarks. These benchmarks represent concentrations of chemicals (i.e., concentrations presumed to be nonhazardous to the biota) in environmental media (water, sediment, soil, food, etc.). While exceedance of these benchmarks does not indicate any particular level or type of risk, concentrations below the benchmarks should not result in significant effects. In practice, when contaminant concentrations in food or water resources are less than these toxicological benchmarks, the contaminants may be excluded from further consideration. However, if the concentration of a contaminant exceeds a benchmark, that contaminant should be retained as a contaminant of potential concern (COPC) and investigated further. The second tier in ecological risk assessment, the baseline ecological risk assessment, may use toxicological benchmarks as part of a weight-of-evidence approach (Suter 1993). Under this approach, based toxicological benchmarks are one of several lines of evidence used to support or refute the presence of ecological effects. Other sources of evidence include media toxicity tests, surveys of biota (abundance and diversity), measures of contaminant body burdens, and biomarkers. This report presents NOAEL- and lowest observed adverse effects level (LOAEL)-based toxicological benchmarks for assessment of effects of 85 chemicals on 9 representative mammalian wildlife species (short-tailed shrew, little brown bat, meadow vole, white-footed mouse, cottontail rabbit, mink, red fox, and whitetail deer) or 11 avian wildlife species (American robin, rough-winged swallow, American woodcock, wild turkey, belted kingfisher, great blue heron, barred owl, barn owl, Cooper's hawk, and red-tailed hawk, osprey) (scientific names for both the mammalian and avian species are presented in Appendix B). [In this document, NOAEL refers to both dose (mg contaminant per kg animal body weight per day) and concentration (mg contaminant per kg of food or L of drinking water)]. The 20 wildlife species were chosen because they are widely distributed and provide a representative range of body sizes and diets. The chemicals are some of those that occur at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) waste sites. The NOAEL-based benchmarks presented in this report represent values believed to be nonhazardous for the listed wildlife species; LOAEL-based benchmarks represent threshold levels at which adverse effects are likely to become evident. These benchmarks consider contaminant exposure through oral ingestion of contaminated media only. Exposure through inhalation and/or direct dermal exposure are not considered in this report.
139 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that quantitative analysis of the sexual display of male guppies holds great promise as a biomarker at the organismal level for the effects of estrogen mimicking xenobiotics.
130 citations
TL;DR: The data indicate that lindane may effectively block the response of estrogen-dependent tissues to this ovarian steroid hormone and that this apparent antiestrogenic effect of lINDane is responsible for the disturbances observed in the neuroendocrine control of ovarian function in the rat.
84 citations
References
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938 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of broken eggs in nests of peregrine falcon, sparrowhawk and golden eagle Aquila chrysaëtos in Britain has increased considerably since 1950, and most recent egg breakages in all three species appeared to involve parental destruction.
Abstract: THE incidence of broken eggs in nests of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus, sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos in Britain has increased considerably since 1950. In 109 peregrine eyries examined in 1904–50, there were only three instances of egg breakage, compared with forty-seven in 168 eyries examined in 1951–66. Two of thirty-five golden eagle eyries examined in 1936–50 contained broken eggs, compared with twelve out of forty-eight examined in 1951–63. One breakage was found in twenty-four sparrowhawk nests in 1943–50, but eight in twenty-seven nests in 1951–60. Peregrines have been witnessed eating their own eggs1, and most recent egg breakages in all three species appeared to involve parental destruction.
700 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the term "shell" to denote the entire barrier to diffusion between the interior of the egg and the environment, and showed that under normal conditions the diffusion of water vapor across the egg shell approximates the diffusion equations set forth for ideal gases.
Abstract: Gas exchange in the avian embryo has been shown to be dependent on, and limited by, the diffusive properties of gases across the resistance offered by the shell and shell membranes ( Wangensteen and Rahn 1970-71). For simplicity, we shall use the term “shell’ to denote the entire barrier to diffusion between the interior of the egg and the environment. It has also been shown that under normal conditions the diffusion of water vapor across the egg shell approximates the diffusion equations set forth for ideal gases (Paganelli et al. 1971) and that the weight loss in eggs is almost entirely due to diffusion of water through the shell (Romanoff and Romanoff 1949). The diffusive rate of water loss from eggs is:
453 citations
TL;DR: DDE-induced egg-shell thinning was demonstrated in 3 avian species: the white Pekin duck, American kestrel, and ring doves, and it was found that the rate of water loss was lower in the eggs from DDE-treated birds, despite significant egg- shell thinning.
81 citations