Effect of Long-Term Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Practices on Soil Nutrients Availability and Enzymatic Activity under Acidic Inceptisol of North-Eastern Region of India
28 Apr 2020-Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 51, Iss: 9, pp 1137-1149
TL;DR: In this paper, long-term fertilization experiments were found to be helpful in increasing the nutrient utilization of soil acidity in crop production. But, they did not consider the effect of weather conditions on crop yields.
Abstract: Soil acidity is one of the main limitations for optimal use of land resources for better crop production. And, long-term fertilization experiments found to be helpful in increasing the nutrient sup...
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TL;DR: The authors published a three-volume version of "Analytical chemistry" with a revised edition in two volumes in 1955, with the assistance of Parry-Jones, Strouts, Wilson and Gilfillan.
Abstract: Chemical Analysis The Working Tools. Edited by C. R. N. Strouts, H. N. Wilson and R. T. Parry-Jones, with the assistance of J. H. Gilfillan. Vol. 1: Pp. xvi + 467 + 4 plates. Vol. 2: Pp. x + 479 + 13 plates. Vol. 3: Pp. xii+ 273 + 1 plate. Revised edition of “Analytical Chemistry” first published in two volumes in 1955. (Oxford: Clarendon Press; London: Oxford University Press, 1962.) 147s. net the set of three volumes. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry Edited by I. M. Kolthoff and Philip J. Elving. With the assistance of Ernest B. Sandell. Part 2: Analytical Chemistry of the Elements. Vol. 2: Pp. xx + 471. Vol. 9: Pp. xvi + 491. (New York and London: Interscience Publishers, a Division of John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1962.) 135s. each volume.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of soil acidity influenced by 10 years of application of enriched compost (ECM), bio-fertilizers, and chemical fertilizers in integration on soil microbial activity and biomass in rice crop under acidic condition of soil.
Abstract: To elucidate the effects of soil acidity influenced by 10 years of application of enriched compost (ECM), biofertilizers, and chemical fertilizers in integration on soil microbial activity and biomass in rice crop under acidic condition of soil. A field experiment was performed with five treatments, namely, T1, absolute control; T2, 100% recommended doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K); T3, 50% NP + 100% K + biofertilizers; T4, 50% NP + 100% K + 1 t ECM ha−1; and T5, 25% NP + 100% K + 2 t ECM ha−1, in a randomized block design. And each treatment was repeated four times. Experimental findings revealed that pH-dependent acidity, exchangeable acidity, and total potential acidity increased with soil depth; however, the application of ECM effectively controlled various forms of soil acidity by 31, 31, and 35%, respectively, in surface soil layer (0–5 cm). Soil acidity is greatly influenced by nutrient management practices; thus, the ECM application recorded significantly higher soil microbial biomass and soil functional diversity within all layers of soil over the 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (T2). In comparison to 100% RDF, integrated nutrient management (INM) practices enhanced the microbial activities, viz., β-glucosidase, β-galactosidases, β-glucosaminidase, phenol oxidase, and peroxidase activities, by 18, 19, 20, 21, and 8%, respectively, at the surface soil layer. The use of ECM and chemical fertilizers in integration increases enzymatic activity and microbial density in the soil by controlling various forms of soil acidity.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a pot experiment was conducted during 2016 (kharif) to study the response of different methods of Zn application on growth, yield, and zinc concentration of rice.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Zinc (Zn) fertilization not only increased yield of rice but also serves as an economical source of Zn to fight Zn deficiency problems in humans and cattle. A pot experiment was conducted during 2016 (kharif) to study the response of different methods of Zn application on growth, yield, and zinc concentration of rice. Treatments consisted of T1 – without fertilizers (WF); T2 – recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); T3 – RDF+soil application of 5.0 kg Zn ha−1 (SA5); T4 – RDF + soil application of 7.5 kg Zn ha−1 (SA7.5); T5 – RDF + soil application of 10 kg Zn ha−1 (SA10); T6 – RDF + root dipping in 2% ZnO (RD); T7 – RDF + SA5 + RD; T8 – RDF + foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at tillering and flowering stage (2FA); T9 – RDF + foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at tillering, flowering, and milking stage (3FA); T10 – RDF + SA5 + foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at tillering stage (1FA); T11 – RDF + SA5 + 2FA; and T12 – RDF + SA5 + 3FA. Significantly higher grain and straw yield was obtained in T7 and T6, with a corresponding increase of 17.6 and 30.0% over RDF. Conjoint application of Zn (T7) increased the Zn concentration in grain and straw as compared to RDF, but FA of Zn was more effective than SA. Higher doses of Zn applied increased Zn and manganese (Mn), but decreased the concentration of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) in grain. Application of 10 kg Zn ha−1 (T5) significantly increased (1.78 folds) the DTPA extractable Zn content in postharvest soil over RDF.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of application of fertilizers, and amendments for 46 years on soil properties and maize yield in an acid Alfisol were investigated, and the results suggest that integrated use of farmyard manure with chemical fertilizers is a sustainable practice in terms of crop yield and soil health, whereas continuous application of urea alone is detrimental to the soil health.
Abstract: Imbalanced fertilizer use with intensive cropping has threatened the sustainability of agroecosystems, especially on acid soils. An understanding of the long‐term effects of fertilizers and amendments on soil health is essential for sustaining high crop yields. The effects of application of fertilizers, and amendments for 46 years on soil properties and maize yield in an acid Alfisol were investigated in this study. Ten fertilizer treatments comprising different amounts of NPK fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM) and lime, and one control, were replicated three times in a randomized block design. At 0–15 cm soil depth, bulk density was least (1.20 t/m3), porosity (49.8%) and water holding capacity (61.7%) were greatest in 100% NPK + FYM, corresponding to the largest organic carbon content (13.93 g/kg). Microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity in 100% NPK + FYM were 42% and 13.7% greater than 100% NPK, respectively. Available nutrients were significantly more with 100% NPK + FYM and 100% NPK + lime than control and other fertilizer treatments. At 15–30 cm depth, the effect of various treatments was comparable to the surface layer. Grain yield declined by 55% and 53% in 100% NPK(‐S) and 100% NP, respectively, compared with 100% NPK, whereas 100% N as urea alone eventually led to crop failure. Soil porosity recorded the greatest positive correlation (r = .933**), whereas bulk density recorded a negative significant correlation (r = −.942**) with grain yield. The results suggest that integrated use of FYM/lime with chemical fertilizers is a sustainable practice in terms of crop yield and soil health, whereas continuous application of urea alone is detrimental to the soil health.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the impact of integrated nutrient management (INM) practice on yield sustainability and soil quality was investigated in a field experiment in 2006, which consisted of five treatments: absolute control, 100% recommended doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) (RDF), 50% recommended dose of NP + 100% K + biofertilizers, 50% dosage of NP+100% K+1 t ha−1 enriched compost (ECM) and 25% recommended dosage of N + 100 % K + 2 t ha −1 ECM (25RDF + 2ECM).
Abstract: ABSTRACT An in-depth knowledge on impact of integrated nutrient management (INM) practice on yield sustainability and soil quality is important to scale INM practice across regions. Therefore, field experiment was initiated in 2006, which consisted of five treatments: absolute control, 100% recommended doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) (RDF), 50% recommended doses of NP + 100% K + biofertilizers, 50% recommended doses of NP + 100% K + 1 t ha−1 enriched compost (ECM) and 25% recommended doses of NP + 100% K + 2 t ha−1 ECM (25RDF + 2ECM). The use of 25RDF + 2ECM increased soil organic carbon by 32 and 24% over control and RDF, respectively, at 0–5 cm soil layer. It also increased soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial phosphorus and phenol oxidase activity by 13.7, 20.9 and 55.7% than RDF, respectively, at 0–5 cm layer. Notably, phenol oxidase activity, pH, DTPA-extractable iron, available K, mineral N and microbial biomass phosphorus came out as the key indicators of soil quality in acidic soil after 10 years. The study recommends that INM practice comprising ECM and reduced inorganic fertilizers could enhance soil quality and yield sustainability of rice in the long-run in acidic soil ecology.
2 citations
References
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TL;DR: WALKLEY as discussed by the authors presented an extension of the DEGTJAas discussed by the authorsF METHOD for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD.
Abstract: AN EXAMINATION OF THE DEGTJAREFF METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, AND A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF THE CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD A. WALKLEY;I. BLACK; Soil Science
17,132 citations
"Effect of Long-Term Integrated Nutr..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Organic carbon content in the soil was determined by wet oxidation (Walkley and Black 1934)....
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...The soil to be rated in high category of organic carbon (9.6 g kg−1) (Walkley and Black 1934), low in available N (200 kg N ha−1) (Subbiah and Asija 1956) and available P (21.9 kg P ha−1) (Bray and Kurtz 1945) and medium in available K (146 kg K ha−1) (Knudsen, Peterson, and Pratt 1982)....
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Book•
03 Feb 1984
TL;DR: This paper presents the results of a series of experiments conducted in farmers' fields in the Czech Republic over a period of three years to investigate the effects of agricultural pesticides on animal welfare and human health.
Abstract: Elements of Experimentation. Single-Factor Experiments. Two-Factor Experiments. Three-or More-Factor Experiments. Comparison Between Treatment Means. Analysis of Multiobservation Data. Problem Data. Analysis of Data from a Series of Experiments. Regression and Correlation Analysis. Covariance Analysis. Chi-Square Test. Soil Heterogeneity. Competition Effects. Mechanical Errors. Sampling in Experimental Plots. Experiments in Farmers' Fields. Presentation of Experimental Results. Appendices. Index.
13,377 citations
"Effect of Long-Term Integrated Nutr..." refers methods in this paper
...Data generated from the field experiment was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in a RBD as suggested by Gomez and Gomez (1984)....
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TL;DR: Bray and KURTZ as mentioned in this paper verified the total, organically and accessible forMS of phosphorus in soil, and showed that they are available in the US.
Abstract: DETERMINATION OF TOTAL, ORGANIC, AND AVAILABLE FORMS OF PHOSPHORUS IN SOILS ROGER BRAY;L. KURTZ; Soil Science
6,767 citations
"Effect of Long-Term Integrated Nutr..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The soil to be rated in high category of organic carbon (9.6 g kg−1) (Walkley and Black 1934), low in available N (200 kg N ha−1) (Subbiah and Asija 1956) and available P (21.9 kg P ha−1) (Bray and Kurtz 1945) and medium in available K (146 kg K ha−1) (Knudsen, Peterson, and Pratt 1982)....
[...]
...Available P in soil was determined by using 0.03 N NH4 F + 0.025 N HCl (pH = 5.5) as an extractant (Bray and Kurtz 1945) and P content in the extract was determined by Dickman and Bray’s (Dickman and Bray 1940) chloromolybdic acid reagent....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a simple method of assaying soil phosphatase activity is described, which involves colorimetric estimation of the p-nitrophenol released by the enzyme when the soil is incubated with buffered (pH 6·5) sodium pnphosphorus solution and toluene at 37°C for 1 hour.
Abstract: A simple method of assaying soil phosphatase activity is described. It involves colorimetric estimation of the p-nitrophenol released by phosphatase activity when soil is incubated with buffered (pH 6·5) sodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate solution and toluene at 37° C for 1 hr. The method is rapid and precise, and it has significant advantages over methods previously proposed for assay of soil phosphatase activity.
3,503 citations
"Effect of Long-Term Integrated Nutr..." refers methods in this paper
...Phosphomonoesterase (acid phosphatase) activity was determined by colorimetric method outlined by Tabatabai and Bremner (1969)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors build a conceptual model of the priming effect based on the contradictory results available in the literature adopting the concept of nutritional competition, and they postulate that priming results from the competition for energy and nutrient acquisition between the microorganisms specialized in the decomposition of fresh organic matter and those feeding on polymerised SOM.
Abstract: It is generally accepted that the low quality of soil carbon limits the amount of energy available for soil microorganisms, and in turn the rate of soil carbon mineralization. The priming effect, i.e. the increase in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition rate after fresh organic matter input to soil, is often supposed to result from a global increase in microbial activity due to the higher availability of energy released from the decomposition of fresh organic matter. Work to date, however, suggests that supply of available energy induces no effect on SOM mineralization. The mechanisms of the priming effect are much more complex than commonly believed. The objective of this review was to build a conceptual model of the priming effect based on the contradictory results available in the literature adopting the concept of nutritional competition. After fresh organic matter input to soils, many specialized microorganisms grow quickly and only decompose the fresh organic matter. We postulated that the priming effect results from the competition for energy and nutrient acquisition between the microorganisms specialized in the decomposition of fresh organic matter and those feeding on polymerised SOM.
1,433 citations