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Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in developing rice grains

01 Dec 1999-Environmental and Experimental Botany (Elsevier)-Vol. 42, Iss: 3, pp 211-220
TL;DR: Grain growth was less sensitive to salinity at milking stage, suggesting that the plant is able to escape stress when the duration of salinity is short, as well as suggesting that salinity affects photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates, and protein differently.
About: This article is published in Environmental and Experimental Botany.The article was published on 1999-12-01. It has received 349 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Stomatal conductance & Transpiration.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of NaCl stress on the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD: EC 1.15.1), peroxidase (POD:EC 1.11.7), and glutathione reductase (GR: EC1.6.4) were investigated in two cotton cultivars, Guazuncho and Pora, grown in nutrient solution.

1,085 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD: EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT: EC1.11.6), peroxidase (POX: EC 2.4.1) and glutathione reductase (GR: EC 6.6.2), free proline content, and the rate of lipid peroxidation level in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) in roots of two rice cultivars (cvs.)

741 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A directly proportional relationship was found between protein content and the increase in salt concentrations in the first measurement period, while it was inversely proportional in the second.

275 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review comprehensively covers major research advances on physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms implicated in AM-induced salt stress tolerance in plants and identifies the challenges involved in the application of AM in alleviation of salt stress in plants in order to improve crop productivity.
Abstract: Modern agriculture is facing twin challenge of ensuring global food security and executing it in a sustainable manner. However, the rapidly expanding salinity stress in cultivable areas poses a major peril to crop yield. Among various biotechnological techniques being used to reduce the negative effects of salinity, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is considered to be an efficient approach for bio-amelioration of salinity stress. AMF deploy an array of biochemical and physiological mechanisms that act in a concerted manner to provide more salinity tolerance to the host plant. Some of the well-known mechanisms include improved nutrient uptake and maintenance of ionic homeostasis, superior water use efficiency and osmoprotection, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, preservation of cell ultrastructure, and reinforced antioxidant metabolism. Molecular studies in past one decade have further elucidated the processes involved in amelioration of salt stress in mycorrhizal plants. The participating AMF induce expression of genes involved in Na+ extrusion to the soil solution, K+ acquisition (by phloem loading and unloading) and release into the xylem, therefore maintaining favorable Na+ : K+ ratio. Colonization by AMF differentially affects expression of plasma membrane and tonoplast aquaporins (PIPs and TIPs), which consequently improves water status of the plant. Formation of AM (arbuscular mycorrhiza) surges the capacity of plant to mend photosystem-II (PSII) and boosts quantum efficiency of PSII under salt stress conditions by mounting the transcript levels of chloroplast genes encoding antenna proteins involved in transfer of excitation energy. Furthermore, AM-induced interplay of phytohormones, including strigolactones, abscisic acid, giberellic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid have also been associated with the salt tolerance mechanism. This review comprehensively covers major research advances on physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms implicated in AM-induced salt stress tolerance in plants. The review identifies the challenges involved in the application of AM in alleviation of salt stress in plants in order to improve crop productivity.

271 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a 14-day period of salinity (0, 50, 100 mM NaCl) was applied to hydroponically grown cucumber plants and the results indicated that NaCl affects photosynthesis through both stomata closure and non-stomatal factors.
Abstract: Hydroponically grown cucumber plants were exposed to 14-d period of salinity (0, 50, 100 mM NaCl). NaCl caused reduction in the relative water content in the leaves. The Na+ content increased and the K+ content decreased. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were markedly decreased by all of the salt treatments. Salinity decreased also the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS 2) determined as the variable to maximum fluorescence ratio, the photochemical quantum yield of PS 2 and the photochemical fluorescence quenching, while the non-photochemical quenching increased. Above results indicate that NaCl affects photosynthesis through both stomata closure and non-stomatal factors.

242 citations


Cites background from "Effect of NaCl salinity on photosyn..."

  • ...The observed decrease in Chl content in the cucumber plants grown under saline conditions may be attributed to both an increased degradation and inhibited synthesis of that pigment (Sultana et al. 1999, GarciaSanchez et al. 2002)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This assay is very reproducible and rapid with the dye binding process virtually complete in approximately 2 min with good color stability for 1 hr with little or no interference from cations such as sodium or potassium nor from carbohydrates such as sucrose.

225,085 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple colorimetric determination of proline in the 0.1 to 36.0 μmoles/g range of fresh weight leaf material was presented.
Abstract: Proline, which increases proportionately faster than other amino acids in plants under water stress, has been suggested as an evaluating parameter for irrigation scheduling and for selecting drought-resistant varieties. The necessity to analyze numerous samples from multiple replications of field grown materials prompted the development of a simple, rapid colorimetric determination of proline. The method detected proline in the 0.1 to 36.0 μmoles/g range of fresh weight leaf material.

15,328 citations

Book
03 Feb 1984
TL;DR: This paper presents the results of a series of experiments conducted in farmers' fields in the Czech Republic over a period of three years to investigate the effects of agricultural pesticides on animal welfare and human health.
Abstract: Elements of Experimentation. Single-Factor Experiments. Two-Factor Experiments. Three-or More-Factor Experiments. Comparison Between Treatment Means. Analysis of Multiobservation Data. Problem Data. Analysis of Data from a Series of Experiments. Regression and Correlation Analysis. Covariance Analysis. Chi-Square Test. Soil Heterogeneity. Competition Effects. Mechanical Errors. Sampling in Experimental Plots. Experiments in Farmers' Fields. Presentation of Experimental Results. Appendices. Index.

13,377 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Under optimal conditions, the most outstanding genotype was ICS-1, both in plant height, number of leaves, and stomatal conductance, this being proof that this genotype develops excellently and stands out if it has the right conditions and water availability.
Abstract: This research is part of an effort that the ICT (Institute of Tropical Cultivation) has been doing for several years tending to develop superior genotypes of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). That is why this study aims to find tolerant or moderately tolerant cocoa genotypes and accessions to water stress with resistance to pests and diseases and high production and industrial quality. Twenty genotypes of cocoa seedlings were investigated, during the period of 6 months, in a soil with sandy-loam texture under nursery conditions, of controlled irrigation. A split plot design was used, with 40 treatments and 3 repetitions. In addition, daily data of the micro climatic characteristics (T °, HR) were taken, in which different indicators of variable were evaluated such as the stomatal conductance (CE) that is greatly influenced by the T ° and HR. The results obtained indicate that the genotypes that showed moderate tolerance to water stress were UNG - 77, UNG - 53, ICT - 1281 and ICT - 1112; the non-tolerant ones were PAS - 93, CEPEC - 2002, ICT - 2142, ICT - 1092, CP - 2005 - C10, TSH - 1188, CCN - 51, IMC - 67, PH - 17, AYP - 15, ICS - 6, BN - 34, ICT - 1506, PAS - 91, PH - 990 and ICS - 1. Under optimal conditions, the most outstanding genotype was ICS-1, both in plant height, number of leaves, and stomatal conductance, this being proof that this genotype develops excellently and stands out if it has the right conditions and water availability.

3,693 citations

Book
31 Jul 1995
TL;DR: This book is a useful introduction for students, teachers, and investigators in both basic and applied plant science, including botanists, crop scientists, foresters, horticulturists, soil scientists, and even gardeners and farmers who desire a better understanding of how their plants grow.
Abstract: Everyone who grows plants, whether a single geranium in a flower pot or hundreds of acres of corn or cotton, is aware of the importance of water for successful growth. Water supply not only affects the yield of gardens and field crops, but also controls the distribution of plants over the earth's surface, ranging from deserts and grasslands to rain forests, depending on the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. However, few people understand 'fully why water is so important for plant growth. This book attempts to explain its importance by showing how water affects the physiological processes that control the quantity and quality of growth. It is a useful introduction for students, teachers, and investigators in both basic and applied plant science, including botanists, crop scientists, foresters, horticulturists, soil scientists, and even gardeners and farmers who desire a better understanding of how their plants grow. An attempt has been made to present the information in terms intelligible to readers with various backgrounds. If the treatment of some topics seems inadequate to specialists in certain fields, they are reminded that the book was not written for specialists, but as an introduction to the broad field of plant water relations. As an aid in this respect, a laboratory manual is available with detailed instructions for some of the more complex methods (J. S. Boyer in "Measuring the Water Status of Plants and Soils," Academic Press, San Diego, 1995).

1,954 citations