scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on yield and chlorophyll content of maize ( Zea mays L.) and sorghum Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench)

B. J. Amujoyegbe1, J. T. Opabode, Akinyemi Olayinka•
Obafemi Awolowo University1
31 Aug 2007-African Journal of Biotechnology (Academic Journals (Kenya))-Vol. 6, Iss: 16, pp 1869-1873
TL;DR: Drought tolerance measured as percentage chlorophyll stability index (CSI%) was highest under control plots in both crops and in both maize and sorghum, the lowest chlorophyLL content occurred in control plot.
Abstract: The effects of amending soil with organic (poultry manure) and inorganic fertilizer on yield and chlorophyll content of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) was carried out at the Teaching and Research (T&R) Farm of the Obafemi Awolowo University, (O.A.U.) Ile - Ife, Nigeria. The experiment was a randomised complete block design (RCBD), laid out in a split-plot arrangement in the second cropping season of year 2001 and 2002. There were four sources of fertilizer for soil amendment: inorganic fertilizer (IF), mixture of inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure (IFPM), poultry manure (PM) and control (C) (no fertilizer or manure treatment). Each fertilizer source supplied 54 kg N plus 25 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O5/ha. There were significant variability and diversity observed on the two crops due to treatments. Grain yield was highest in sorghum (3.55 kg/ha) and maize (2.89 kg/ha) under IFPM followed by IF treatment for maize (2.33 kg/ha) and PM treatment for sorghum ((3.37 kg/ha). Sorghum and maize had the highest dry matter of 72.3 g/plant and 71.0 g/plant under IFPM at harvest. The effects of PM on the dry matter of sorghum (68.1 g/plant) and maize (61.7 g/plant) were not significantly different (p = 0.05) from that of IF (sorghum 66.1 g/plant, maize 58.7 g/plant). Sorghum also had the highest leaf area (LA) (2752.9 cm2/plant) and total chlorophyll content of 3.28 mg/g under PM while maize on the other hand had the highest LA (1969.5 cm2/plant) and total chlorophyll content of 2.63 mg/g under IFPM. In both maize and sorghum, the lowest chlorophyll content occurred in control plot. Drought tolerance measured as percentage chlorophyll stability index (CSI%) was highest under control plots in both crops.

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Citations
More filters
Journal Article•DOI•
The potential of Moringa oleifera extract as a biostimulant in enhancing the growth, biochemical and hormonal contents in rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) plants

[...]

Mona M. Abdalla
30 Sep 2013
TL;DR: It is concluded that M. oleifera leaf and twig extracts can be recommended to be used effectively by farmers as a bio-organic fertilizer for various crops due to its high productivity, high nutritive value, antioxidant effect, easy preparation, low cost and environmentally friendly nature.
Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses and high nutritional value. Accordingly, rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) plants were foliar sprayed with the aqueous extracts of leaves and twigs of M. oleifera at rates of 1, 2 and 3%. Among these concentrations, fertilization of rocket plants with 2% leaf and 3% twig extracts potentially increased all measured growth criteria (plant height, fresh and dry herb weight), photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, the amounts of each of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total sugars, total protein, phenols, ascorbic acid, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe as well as growth promoting hormones (auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins). Besides, bio-organic manuring with both kinds of Moringa extracts at all concentrations applied negatively reduced the levels of each of lipid peroxidation and abscisic acid as well as the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). Thus, it is concluded that M. oleifera leaf and twig extracts can be recommended to be used effectively by farmers as a bio-organic fertilizer for various crops due to its high productivity, high nutritive value, antioxidant effect, easy preparation, low cost and environmentally friendly nature. Key words: Moringa oleifera, growth, gas exchange, antioxidants, metabolites, phytohormones, photosynthetic pigments.

148 citations

Cites methods from "Effect of organic and inorganic fer..."

  • ...Corroborative data were obtained using different types of organic fertilizers as compost, vermincompost, animal manure and seaweeds (Amujoyegbe et al., 2007; Noori et al., 2010; Abdalla and El-Khoshiban, 2012)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Response of Sorghum to Abiotic Stresses: A Review

[...]

Irma Tari1, Gábor Laskay1, Zoltán Takács1, Péter Poór1•
University of Szeged1
01 Aug 2013-Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
TL;DR: The most recent literature about the responses of sorghum to the most important abiotic stresses: nutrient deficiency, aluminium stress, drought, high salinity, waterlogging or temperature stress the plants have to cope with during cultivation are summarized.
Abstract: Sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench] is a highly productive crop plant, which can be used for alternative energy resource, human food, livestock feed or industrial purposes. The biomass of sorghum can be utilized as solid fuel via thermochemical routes or as a carbohydrate substrate via fermentation processes. The plant has a great adaptation potential to drought, high salinity and high temperature, which are important characteristics of genotypes growing in extreme environments. However, the climate change in the 21st century may bring about new challenges in the cultivated areas. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature about the responses of sorghum to the most important abiotic stresses: nutrient deficiency, aluminium stress, drought, high salinity, waterlogging or temperature stress the plants have to cope with during cultivation. The advanced molecular and system biological tools provide new opportunities for breeders to select stress-tolerant and high-yielding cultivars.

119 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Effect of N fertilizer source and timing on yield and N use efficiency of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) in Kashmir–Pakistan

[...]

M. Kaleem Abbasi1, Majid Mahmood Tahir1, Nasir Rahim1•
University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir1
01 Mar 2013-Geoderma
TL;DR: In this paper, a 2-yr field experiment with rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) was conducted in the hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan to evaluate the effect of time and source of N fertilizer application on the growth, yield, N-uptake and NUE of maize.

95 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Closing the food waste loop: Food waste anaerobic digestate as fertilizer for the cultivation of the leafy vegetable, xiao bai cai (Brassica rapa)

[...]

Jia Chin Cheong1, Jonathan T.E. Lee1, Jun Wei Lim1, Shuang Song1, Jonathan Koon Ngee Tan1, Zhongyu Chiam1, Kar Yee Yap1, Ee Yang Lim1, Jingxin Zhang2, Hugh T. W. Tan1, Yen Wah Tong1 •
National University of Singapore1, Shanghai Jiao Tong University2
01 May 2020-Science of The Total Environment
TL;DR: This hypothesis is proven by the growing of a commonly consumed leafy vegetable by the addition of food waste anaerobic digestate in place of commercial fertilizer, which is not significantly different from growth utilizing commercial inorganic 15:15:15 NPK fertilizer.

64 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rainfed Maize Response to Splitting and Nitrogen Rates in Kashmir, Pakistan

[...]

M. Kaleem Abbasi1, Majid Mahmood Tahir1, Andlib Sadiq1, Mussawar Iqbal1, Mohsin Zafar1 •
University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir1
01 Mar 2012-Agronomy Journal

59 citations

References
More filters
Book•
Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach

[...]

Robert G. D. Steel, James H. Torrie
01 Jun 1980
TL;DR: Observations probability sampling from a normal distribution comparisons involving two sample means principles of experimental design analysis of variance.
Abstract: Observations probability sampling from a normal distribution comparisons involving two sample means principles of experimental design analysis of variance I - the one-way classification mutiple comparisons analysis of variance II - multiway classification linear regression linear correlation matrix notation linear regression in matrix notation multiple and partial regression and correlation analysis of variance III - factorial experiments analysis of variance analysis of covariance IV analysis of covariance analysis of variance V - unequal subclass numbers some uses of chi-square enumeration data I - one-way classifications enumeration data II - contingency tables categorical models some discrete distributions nonparametric statistics sampling finite populations.

15,571 citations

"Effect of organic and inorganic fer..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (Steel and Torrie, 1980; Gomez and Gomez, 1984)....

    [...]

Book•
Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research

[...]

Kwanchai A. Gomez, Arturo A. Gomez
03 Feb 1984
TL;DR: This paper presents the results of a series of experiments conducted in farmers' fields in the Czech Republic over a period of three years to investigate the effects of agricultural pesticides on animal welfare and human health.
Abstract: Elements of Experimentation. Single-Factor Experiments. Two-Factor Experiments. Three-or More-Factor Experiments. Comparison Between Treatment Means. Analysis of Multiobservation Data. Problem Data. Analysis of Data from a Series of Experiments. Regression and Correlation Analysis. Covariance Analysis. Chi-Square Test. Soil Heterogeneity. Competition Effects. Mechanical Errors. Sampling in Experimental Plots. Experiments in Farmers' Fields. Presentation of Experimental Results. Appendices. Index.

13,377 citations

"Effect of organic and inorganic fer..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The soil is a low base status forest soil derived from coarse-grained gneiss and granite parent rocks and is classified as an ultisol (Harpstead, 1973). The field experiments were carried out during the late cropping seasons (August – November) of years 2001 and 2002. The test crops were maize (Zea mays L. var. DMR-SR-Y) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench var. IRAT204). The maize and the sorghum seeds were obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria and the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Badegry, Nigeria respectively The field, which was under fallow for one year was ploughed and harrowed before laying out the plots. The plots were laid out in a split-plot design. The main plot size was 26.25 x 10.75 m while the sub-plot size was 4.5 x 4.0 m. The main plots included (1) control, (2) poultry manure (PM), (3) inorganic fertilizer (IF), and (4) mixture of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer (IFPM). The two sub-plots consisted of the two crop types planted at 0.75 x 0.5 m to give a population of 53,333 plants per hectare. Each of the sub-plots except the control received 54 kg N/ha plus 25 kg/ha each of P2O5 and K2O5 in form of inorganic or organic fertilizer. Each experiment was replicated three times. The poultry manure which contained 0.54% N, 0.16% P and 0.09% K, was obtained from the Poultry Unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching and Research Farm. It was applied at the rate of 5.56 t/ha in the sole PM plots in each year. Half this rate (2.78 t/ha) was mixed with inorganic fertilizer, which was equivalent to 50% of the IF, applied in the sole plot as the IFPM treatment. The N, P and K components of each of PM and IFPM were thus calculated to be equivalent to 56 kg N plus 25 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O5 /ha. 20:10:10 N.P.K. fertilizer supplied the same amounts of N, P and K. The treatments were incorporated manually with hoe into the 5 cm depth of soil after broadcasting. Planting of seeds was carried out 24h after incorporation of the treatments (Uhlen and Tveitnes, 1995). Weeds were controlled using a formulated mixture of Atrazine and Metalachlor (Premextra 500 FW) applied pre-emergence immediately after planting at the rate of 51.0 kg a.i./ha and later supplemented with one manual weeding. The seeds of the maize and sorghum were treated with Apron plus 50DS before planting in order to suppress insect attack and fungi transmitted diseases. Data on grain yield at harvest were obtained from plants in the net rows. Measurements of plant height (PLH), leaf area (LA) above ground dry matter (DM) and chlorophyll content (CHL.) were taken at 30 days after-planting (DAP) (time of vigorous vegetative growth); 50 DAP (time of silking in maize), and 75 DAP and the last sampling was at maturity. The leaf area (LA) was recorded using a portable leaf area meter (LI-COR, MODEL LI-2000C) Leaf samples from crops in the net rows were harvested for chlorophyll content estimation following the methods of Witham et al. (1971) and Bansal et al....

    [...]

  • ...Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (Steel and Torrie, 1980; Gomez and Gomez, 1984)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Plastid replication and development in the life cycle of higher plants.

[...]

John V. Possingham
01 Jun 1980-Annual Review of Plant Biology

131 citations

"Effect of organic and inorganic fer..." refers background in this paper

  • ...According to Possingharm (1980) and Newcomb (1999) the addition of N and Mg to porphyrin rings of chlorophyll molecules caused temporary instability of the molecules....

    [...]

  • ...The higher CSI of sorghum than maize observed in this study could partly explain by the higher drought resistance tolerant of sorghum as reported by other workers (Possingharm, 1980; Newcomb, 1999)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
A New Method of Determining Drought Resistance.

[...]

Socrates A. Kaloyereas1•
Louisiana State University1
01 May 1958-Plant Physiology

82 citations

Additional excerpts

  • ...Kaloyereas (1958) and Sivasubramaniawn (1992) related the drought resistance of plants to the chlorophyll stability index that has been employed to determine the thermostability of chlorophyll....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
The Classification of Some Nigerian Soils

[...]

Milo I. Harpstead
01 Dec 1973-Soil Science
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented data on soil profile samples from eleven sites in Nigeria, widely distributed from the high rainfall coastal area of sedimentary parent material to the dry northern area where aeolian deposits from the Sahara Desert have been a major soil-forming factor.
Abstract: This study presents data on soil profile samples from eleven sites in Nigeria, widely distributed from the high rainfall coastal area of sedimentary parent material to the dry northern area where aeolian deposits from the Sahara Desert have been a major soil-forming factor. Weatherable minerals are generally present in the soils formed from crystalline rocks and most of these soils are classified as Alfisols. On the sedimentary rocks and on the ultrabasic crystalline rocks Oxisols have formed. On aeolian parent materials from the Sahara and on the Pleistocene sediments the soils are classified as Inceptosols.

52 citations

"Effect of organic and inorganic fer..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The soil is a low base status forest soil derived from coarse-grained gneiss and granite parent rocks and is classified as an ultisol (Harpstead, 1973)....

    [...]

Related Papers (5)
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER ON YIELD AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF MAIZE (Zea mays (L.) AND SORGHUM Sorghum bicolour (L) Moench)

[...]

01 Jan 2005-ASSET:An International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Science, Environment and Technology (Series A)
B. J. Amujoyegbe, J. T. Opabode, Akinyemi Olayinka
Comparative study on yield and chemical composition of maize ( Zea mays L.) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor Moench) using different levels of manure application

[...]

01 Dec 2007-Animal Science Journal
Ahmad Darobin Lubis, Hajime Kumagai
Integrated nutrient management in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and its residual effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum)

[...]

01 Jan 2001-Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
M Patidar, A L Mali
Influence of legume residue and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in Bauchi state, Nigeria.

[...]

01 Jan 2015-African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development
YM Shuaibu, AA Garba, N Voncir
Productivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as affected by legume intercropping under different fertility systems

[...]

01 Jan 1995-Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
R L Arya, K P Niranjan