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Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on yield and chlorophyll content of maize ( Zea mays L.) and sorghum Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench)

31 Aug 2007-African Journal of Biotechnology (Academic Journals (Kenya))-Vol. 6, Iss: 16, pp 1869-1873
TL;DR: Drought tolerance measured as percentage chlorophyll stability index (CSI%) was highest under control plots in both crops and in both maize and sorghum, the lowest chlorophyLL content occurred in control plot.
Abstract: The effects of amending soil with organic (poultry manure) and inorganic fertilizer on yield and chlorophyll content of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) was carried out at the Teaching and Research (T&R) Farm of the Obafemi Awolowo University, (O.A.U.) Ile - Ife, Nigeria. The experiment was a randomised complete block design (RCBD), laid out in a split-plot arrangement in the second cropping season of year 2001 and 2002. There were four sources of fertilizer for soil amendment: inorganic fertilizer (IF), mixture of inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure (IFPM), poultry manure (PM) and control (C) (no fertilizer or manure treatment). Each fertilizer source supplied 54 kg N plus 25 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O5/ha. There were significant variability and diversity observed on the two crops due to treatments. Grain yield was highest in sorghum (3.55 kg/ha) and maize (2.89 kg/ha) under IFPM followed by IF treatment for maize (2.33 kg/ha) and PM treatment for sorghum ((3.37 kg/ha). Sorghum and maize had the highest dry matter of 72.3 g/plant and 71.0 g/plant under IFPM at harvest. The effects of PM on the dry matter of sorghum (68.1 g/plant) and maize (61.7 g/plant) were not significantly different (p = 0.05) from that of IF (sorghum 66.1 g/plant, maize 58.7 g/plant). Sorghum also had the highest leaf area (LA) (2752.9 cm2/plant) and total chlorophyll content of 3.28 mg/g under PM while maize on the other hand had the highest LA (1969.5 cm2/plant) and total chlorophyll content of 2.63 mg/g under IFPM. In both maize and sorghum, the lowest chlorophyll content occurred in control plot. Drought tolerance measured as percentage chlorophyll stability index (CSI%) was highest under control plots in both crops.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons at the Research and Teaching Farms of the Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Gadarif, to evaluate the effect of different rates of chicken manure on the growth and yield of jute mallow as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons at the Research and Teaching Farms of the Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Gadarif, to evaluate the effect of different rates of chicken manure on the growth and yield of jute mallow. The experiment consisted of four levels of chicken manure viz; 0, 5, 10, and 20 t/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that increasing chicken manure significantly increased all the growth attributes of jute mall and resulted in an increase in crop yield and yield components in both seasons. The present study revealed that jute mallow has a positive response to chicken manure application which succeeded to compensate the deficiency of minerals in the Gadarif State of Sudan under rain-fed conditions. The study also recommend that the highest chicken manure application rate (20 t/ha) is indispensible for vigorous growth and substantial increase in jute mallow under harsh semi-arid conditions of Sudan.

8 citations


Cites background or result from "Effect of organic and inorganic fer..."

  • ...This is consistent with the findings of [17] [19] [20] who reported that increased application rate of chicken manure enhanced lead area, total chlorophyll content, carbon content, water holding capacity, and decrease bulk density of soil which culminate and interplay to promote crop yield....

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  • ...In their recent work some researchers [17] reported that chicken manure increased the leaf area, total chlorophyll content and grain yield of maize and sorghum....

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Dissertation
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a solution to solve the problem of the problem: this article...,.. ].. ).. ;. ] ].
Abstract: ..................................................................................................xiv

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the notion that 1 Mg FYM is equal to that of 1 kg HA and developed an optimized integrated fertilization program, which indicated a better performance of FYM than HA with significant differences in many parameters including plant height, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, biological yield, grain yield, and N content of grains.
Abstract: Farmyard manure (FYM) is bulky and humic acid (HA) is compact organic source of plant nutrition. The objective of this study was to investigate the notion that 1 Mg FYM is equal to that of 1 kg HA and to develop an optimized integrated fertilization program. The study was conducted at the research station of Agricultural University Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtoonkwa, Pakistan, in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. FYM (18 Mg ha-1) and HA (18 kg ha-1) were in the main plots, whereas different nitrogen (N) levels (0, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg ha-1) were in sub-plots. The results indicated a better performance of FYM than HA with significant (p < 0.05) differences in many parameters including plant height, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, biological yield, grain yield, and N content of grains. Of the different N levels, the best performance was observed for 100 kg N ha-1. Our present results show that 18 Mg FYM with 100 kg N ha-1 may be recommended as good sources for wheat fertilization. However, more research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of HA as an organic fertilizer and to compare higher HA rates with FYM.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Putri et al. as discussed by the authors used three levels of NaCl and three replications to evaluate the salinity response of 16 soybean genotypes to salinity in germination stage.
Abstract: Putri PH, Susanto GWA, Artari R. 2017. Response of soybean genotypes to salinity in germination stage. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 133-137. Salinity is one of the agricultural problem, especially in marginal land. The negative impact of salinity for plants such as delay germination time, growth inhibition, reduce nodules formation, decrease biomass accumulation, and reduce yield quantity and quality. Initial selection for salt resistance of soybean, conducted on 16 genotypes, using three levels of NaCl and three replications. Germination conducted for six days, in germinator which has been set at 25oC, with lighting. Mean Germination Time (MGT), Final Germination Percent (FGP), sprout length (root and overall) and weight (fresh and dry), seedling vigor index (length and weight) were observed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by LSD at 5%. Sixteen soybean genotypes show inhibition effect of salinity. The results showed that 125 mM NaCl does not inhibit germination but it causes abnormal growth at some genotypes. Number of normal germination decreased 20-30% at 125 mM NaCl. Sprouts total length declined by 17-58% at 75 mM and 45-78% at 125 mM NaCl. Root length decrease from 23.2-55.3% at 75 mM and 52.1-81.2% in 125 mM. Fresh weight diminish by 3.8-39.9% at 75 mM and 12.7-52.5% at 125 mM NaCl. Response of sixteen soybean genotypes into salinity stress is clearly visible at sprout length and fresh weight variable. Ichiyou was salt-sensitive based on all variable especially sprout length and fresh weight, while Baluran was salttolerant up to 125 mM NaCl based on sprout length and fresh weight.

7 citations


Cites background from "Effect of organic and inorganic fer..."

  • ...This presumably because the addition of manure to any inorganic fertilizer treatment improved soil fertility, increased nutrient availability, and intensified enzyme activity as it effectively increased leaf chlorophyll index (Khadem et al. 2010) and chlorophyll content (Amujoyegbe et al. 2007)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that farmers in the Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana need to supply nutrients to enhance grain yields of maize, irrespective of the prevailing soil type.
Abstract: Soils in the Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Ghana are depleted in major nutrients by continuous cropping and residue removal, resulting in low maize yields. While many studies have assessed the fertilizer requirements for maize, most did not account for the role of the soil type and maize genotype. A study was conducted on Plinthosol and Lixisol in the Tolon district of the Northern Region of Ghana to assess fertilizer and genotype effects on maize productivity. Two maize genotypes (i.e. Obatanpa -110 days to maturity) and (Dodzie - 75 days to maturity) were compared at three fertilizer application rates (i.e. 0-0-0, 60-15-35 and 90-25-50 kg ha-1 N, P K) in a randomized complete block design using four replications, with genotype allocated to the main plots and fertilizer levels to the subplots. Soils were characterized, revealing very low total N and available P concentrations in the top layers. Grain yield was significantly affected by maize genotype, irrespective of the soil type. The longer-duration (Obatanpa) tended to out yield the short duration genotype (Dodzie), and generally outperformed Dodzie in all yield parameters except for the harvest index on Plinthosol. Inorganic fertilizers significantly (P<0.001) increased yield and all yield parameters over the control on both soils, with yield increases of 84 and 90% at 60-15-35 and 90-25-50 kg ha-1 N, P K, respectively. Genotype by fertilizer interaction was highly significant (P<0.001) for grain yield on both soils. We conclude that farmers in the Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana need to supply nutrients to enhance grain yields of maize, irrespective of the prevailing soil type.

7 citations


Cites result from "Effect of organic and inorganic fer..."

  • ...Similar results were reported for grain yield by Amujoyegbe et al. (2007) and support his assertion that crop varieties differ in their response to nutrient supply....

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References
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Book
01 Jun 1980
TL;DR: Observations probability sampling from a normal distribution comparisons involving two sample means principles of experimental design analysis of variance.
Abstract: Observations probability sampling from a normal distribution comparisons involving two sample means principles of experimental design analysis of variance I - the one-way classification mutiple comparisons analysis of variance II - multiway classification linear regression linear correlation matrix notation linear regression in matrix notation multiple and partial regression and correlation analysis of variance III - factorial experiments analysis of variance analysis of covariance IV analysis of covariance analysis of variance V - unequal subclass numbers some uses of chi-square enumeration data I - one-way classifications enumeration data II - contingency tables categorical models some discrete distributions nonparametric statistics sampling finite populations.

15,571 citations


"Effect of organic and inorganic fer..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (Steel and Torrie, 1980; Gomez and Gomez, 1984)....

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Book
03 Feb 1984
TL;DR: This paper presents the results of a series of experiments conducted in farmers' fields in the Czech Republic over a period of three years to investigate the effects of agricultural pesticides on animal welfare and human health.
Abstract: Elements of Experimentation. Single-Factor Experiments. Two-Factor Experiments. Three-or More-Factor Experiments. Comparison Between Treatment Means. Analysis of Multiobservation Data. Problem Data. Analysis of Data from a Series of Experiments. Regression and Correlation Analysis. Covariance Analysis. Chi-Square Test. Soil Heterogeneity. Competition Effects. Mechanical Errors. Sampling in Experimental Plots. Experiments in Farmers' Fields. Presentation of Experimental Results. Appendices. Index.

13,377 citations


"Effect of organic and inorganic fer..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The soil is a low base status forest soil derived from coarse-grained gneiss and granite parent rocks and is classified as an ultisol (Harpstead, 1973). The field experiments were carried out during the late cropping seasons (August – November) of years 2001 and 2002. The test crops were maize (Zea mays L. var. DMR-SR-Y) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench var. IRAT204). The maize and the sorghum seeds were obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria and the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Badegry, Nigeria respectively The field, which was under fallow for one year was ploughed and harrowed before laying out the plots. The plots were laid out in a split-plot design. The main plot size was 26.25 x 10.75 m while the sub-plot size was 4.5 x 4.0 m. The main plots included (1) control, (2) poultry manure (PM), (3) inorganic fertilizer (IF), and (4) mixture of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer (IFPM). The two sub-plots consisted of the two crop types planted at 0.75 x 0.5 m to give a population of 53,333 plants per hectare. Each of the sub-plots except the control received 54 kg N/ha plus 25 kg/ha each of P2O5 and K2O5 in form of inorganic or organic fertilizer. Each experiment was replicated three times. The poultry manure which contained 0.54% N, 0.16% P and 0.09% K, was obtained from the Poultry Unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching and Research Farm. It was applied at the rate of 5.56 t/ha in the sole PM plots in each year. Half this rate (2.78 t/ha) was mixed with inorganic fertilizer, which was equivalent to 50% of the IF, applied in the sole plot as the IFPM treatment. The N, P and K components of each of PM and IFPM were thus calculated to be equivalent to 56 kg N plus 25 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O5 /ha. 20:10:10 N.P.K. fertilizer supplied the same amounts of N, P and K. The treatments were incorporated manually with hoe into the 5 cm depth of soil after broadcasting. Planting of seeds was carried out 24h after incorporation of the treatments (Uhlen and Tveitnes, 1995). Weeds were controlled using a formulated mixture of Atrazine and Metalachlor (Premextra 500 FW) applied pre-emergence immediately after planting at the rate of 51.0 kg a.i./ha and later supplemented with one manual weeding. The seeds of the maize and sorghum were treated with Apron plus 50DS before planting in order to suppress insect attack and fungi transmitted diseases. Data on grain yield at harvest were obtained from plants in the net rows. Measurements of plant height (PLH), leaf area (LA) above ground dry matter (DM) and chlorophyll content (CHL.) were taken at 30 days after-planting (DAP) (time of vigorous vegetative growth); 50 DAP (time of silking in maize), and 75 DAP and the last sampling was at maturity. The leaf area (LA) was recorded using a portable leaf area meter (LI-COR, MODEL LI-2000C) Leaf samples from crops in the net rows were harvested for chlorophyll content estimation following the methods of Witham et al. (1971) and Bansal et al....

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  • ...Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (Steel and Torrie, 1980; Gomez and Gomez, 1984)....

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Journal ArticleDOI

131 citations


"Effect of organic and inorganic fer..." refers background in this paper

  • ...According to Possingharm (1980) and Newcomb (1999) the addition of N and Mg to porphyrin rings of chlorophyll molecules caused temporary instability of the molecules....

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  • ...The higher CSI of sorghum than maize observed in this study could partly explain by the higher drought resistance tolerant of sorghum as reported by other workers (Possingharm, 1980; Newcomb, 1999)....

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Journal ArticleDOI

82 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...Kaloyereas (1958) and Sivasubramaniawn (1992) related the drought resistance of plants to the chlorophyll stability index that has been employed to determine the thermostability of chlorophyll....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented data on soil profile samples from eleven sites in Nigeria, widely distributed from the high rainfall coastal area of sedimentary parent material to the dry northern area where aeolian deposits from the Sahara Desert have been a major soil-forming factor.
Abstract: This study presents data on soil profile samples from eleven sites in Nigeria, widely distributed from the high rainfall coastal area of sedimentary parent material to the dry northern area where aeolian deposits from the Sahara Desert have been a major soil-forming factor. Weatherable minerals are generally present in the soils formed from crystalline rocks and most of these soils are classified as Alfisols. On the sedimentary rocks and on the ultrabasic crystalline rocks Oxisols have formed. On aeolian parent materials from the Sahara and on the Pleistocene sediments the soils are classified as Inceptosols.

52 citations


"Effect of organic and inorganic fer..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The soil is a low base status forest soil derived from coarse-grained gneiss and granite parent rocks and is classified as an ultisol (Harpstead, 1973)....

    [...]