Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction.
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Cites background or methods from "Effect of oxidative stress on male ..."
...The nonenzymatic antioxidants include carnitine, carotenoids, glutathione, urate, and vitamins C and E (29, 41, 120)....
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...The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is measured by evaluating the reducing ability of the antioxidants within the semen against an oxidative reagent such as hydrogen peroxide, and measuring the effect on the substrate (29)....
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...Testing of individual antioxidants within semen is costly and time consuming (29)....
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...However, the economies of scale make ROS and/or TAC testing efficient and cost effective for some laboratories (such as highvolume academic centers), and they potentially can provide additional clinically relevant information to the treating clinicians and their patients (15, 29)....
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...Total antioxidant capacity assesses the cumulative effect of all antioxidants present within the semen (29)....
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Cites background from "Effect of oxidative stress on male ..."
...gov/health/topics/menshealth/ conditioninfo/infertility) [61], Agarwal et al (2014) [62], Jarow et al (2011) [63]....
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...Agarwal et al (World J Mens Health 2014;32:1-17) [62]...
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References
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"Effect of oxidative stress on male ..." refers background in this paper
...It was discovered that 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and two ethenonucleosides (1, N6-ethenoadenosine and 1, N6-ethenoguanosine) are the two major DNA adducts found in human sperm DNA, both of which have been considered key biomarkers of DNA damage caused by OS [54,55]....
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1,348 citations
"Effect of oxidative stress on male ..." refers background in this paper
...In a study conducted by Agarwal et al [24], it was reported that the production of ROS by human spermatozoa increased significantly when spermatozoa were exposed to repeated cycles of centrifugation....
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...Fas is a type I membrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor-nerve growth factor receptor family and is secreted by the Sertoli cells located on the germ cell surface [24]....
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...production via the hexose monophosphate shunt [23,24]....
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...To further support this theory, the same study reported that the percentage of Fas-positive spermatozoa was as high as 50% in men with abnormal sperm parameters [24]....
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1,231 citations
"Effect of oxidative stress on male ..." refers background in this paper
...Lastly, adequate protective equipment and aeration should be ensured at work places to limit exposure to any chemical or vapor that may cause OS [11]....
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...In adulthood, apoptosis plays a vital role in selectively destroying the premeiotic spermatogonia during the first round of spermatogenesis by preventing the overproduction of germ cells from seminiferous tubules in response to ROS [11]....
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...All these have been shown to contribute to OS, and therefore, minimizing such detrimental behavior is likely to aid in alleviating OS [11]....
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...Since LPO is an autocatalytic self-propagating reaction associated with abnormal fertilization, it is critical to understand the mechanism behind this process, which can be conveniently separated into three main steps, namely initiation, propagation, and termination [11]....
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...For instance, chlamydia infections can be treated with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medication, while varicocele can be corrected by surgery [11]....
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