Effect of oxygen on vacancy cluster morphology in metals
01 May 1990-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A-physical Metallurgy and Materials Science (Springer-Verlag)-Vol. 21, Iss: 4, pp 1037-1051
TL;DR: In this article, a thermodynamic model based on the adsorption equations of Gibbs and Langmuir is developed to determine the relative stability in the presence of oxygen of the void compared to the dislocation loop and stacking fault tetrahedron.
Abstract: The extensive literature on oxygen chemisorption and solubility in metals is briefly reviewed, with special emphasis on the reduction of surface tension associated with oxygen adsorption. A thermodynamic model based on the adsorption equations of Gibbs and Langmuir is developed to determine the relative stability in the presence of oxygen of the void compared to the dislocation loop and stacking fault tetrahedron. Representative calculations are performed for copper, nickel, and austenitic stainless steel. Atomistic and elastic continuum calculations predict that void formation should not occur in most pure face-centered cubic metals during quenching or irradiation. However, the thermodynamic model predicts that oxygen concentrations of 30 to 1000 appm will stabilize void formation in copper, nickel, and stainless steel. Foils of copper and several Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steels containing various amounts of oxygen have been examined with electron microscopy following ion bombardment. The presence of 30 to 1000 appm O resulted in significant amounts of void formation, whereas no voids were observed in low-oxygen specimens, in agreement with the model predictions. Oxygen introduced by ion implantation was more effective in promoting void formation than residual oxygen. Solutes such as phosphorus in stainless steel reduced the effectiveness of oxygen as a void-stabilizing agent.
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Book•
01 Jan 1966
1,441 citations
"Effect of oxygen on vacancy cluster..." refers background in this paper
...This topic has been the focus of numerous reviews and monographs, [ 58-62 ] and a comprehensive review is beyond the scope of this paper....
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review about the versatility of photoelectron spectroscopy to study the especially complex interaction of oxygen with metal surfaces and the nature of the reaction products can be found in this paper.
473 citations