Effect of pH and monovalent cations on the Raman spectrum of water: Basics revisited and application to measure concentration gradients at water/solid interface in Si3N4 biomaterial
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of hydrogen carbonate (HCO 3 − ) and cations (Na +, K + ) solvated in water were revisited according to high spectrally resolved Raman measurements.
About: This article is published in Chemical Physics.The article was published on 2015-12-16. It has received 18 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Raman spectroscopy & Molar concentration.
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The renal collecting system serves the fine-tuning of renal acid–base secretion and Dysregulation of intercalated cell function or abundance causes various syndromes of distal renal tubular acidosis underlining the importance of these processes for acid-base homeostasis.
Abstract: The renal collecting system serves the fine-tuning of renal acid–base secretion. Acid-secretory type-A intercalated cells secrete protons via a luminally expressed V-type H+-ATPase and generate new bicarbonate released by basolateral chloride/bicarbonate exchangers including the AE1 anion exchanger. Efficient proton secretion depends both on the presence of titratable acids (mainly phosphate) and the concomitant secretion of ammonia being titrated to ammonium. Collecting duct ammonium excretion requires the Rhesus protein RhCG as indicated by recent KO studies. Urinary acid secretion by type-A intercalated cells is strongly regulated by various factors among them acid–base status, angiotensin II and aldosterone, and the Calcium-sensing receptor. Moreover, urinary acidification by H+-ATPases is modulated indirectly by the activity of the epithelial sodium channel ENaC. Bicarbonate secretion is achieved by non-type-A intercalated cells characterized by the luminal expression of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin. Pendrin activity is driven by H+-ATPases and may serve both bicarbonate excretion and chloride reabsorption. The activity and expression of pendrin is regulated by different factors including acid–base status, chloride delivery, and angiotensin II and may play a role in NaCl retention and blood pressure regulation. Finally, the relative abundance of type-A and non-type-A intercalated cells may be tightly regulated. Dysregulation of intercalated cell function or abundance causes various syndromes of distal renal tubular acidosis underlining the importance of these processes for acid–base homeostasis.
149 citations
21 Feb 2018
TL;DR: This study demonstrates the ease with which significant changes to Si3N4's surface phase composition, charging, and wetting behavior can be induced, and represents an initial step towards a mechanistic understanding of the interaction between implant surfaces and the biologic environment.
Abstract: IntroductionSilicon nitride (Si3N4) is a ceramic material presently implanted during spine surgery. It has a fortunate combination of material properties such as high strength and fracture toughnes...
78 citations
TL;DR: Exploiting the peculiar surface chemistry of Si3N4 bioceramics could be helpful in counteracting Porphyromonas gingivalis in an alkaline pH environment.
Abstract: Organisms of Gram-negative phylum bacteroidetes, Porphyromonas gingivalis, underwent lysis on polished surfaces of silicon nitride (Si3N4) bioceramics. The antibacterial activity of Si3N4 was mainly the result of chemically driven principles. The lytic activity, although not osmotic in nature, was related to the peculiar pH-dependent surface chemistry of Si3N4. A buffering effect via the formation of ammonium ions (NH4(+)) (and their modifications) was experimentally observed by pH microscopy. Lysis was confirmed by conventional fluorescence spectroscopy, and the bacteria's metabolism was traced with the aid of in situ Raman microprobe spectroscopy. This latter technique revealed the formation of peroxynitrite within the bacterium itself. Degradation of the bacteria's nucleic acid, drastic reduction in phenilalanine, and reduction of lipid concentration were observed due to short-term exposure (6 days) to Si3N4. Altering the surface chemistry of Si3N4 by either chemical etching or thermal oxidation influenced peroxynitrite formation and affected bacteria metabolism in different ways. Exploiting the peculiar surface chemistry of Si3N4 bioceramics could be helpful in counteracting Porphyromonas gingivalis in an alkaline pH environment.
61 citations
TL;DR: The properties of CO2 and CO2-based functional units in various charge states are discussed and theCO2- based ionic species formate, oxalate, and carbonate are described.
Abstract: Redox chemistry during the activation of carbon dioxide involves changing the charge state in a CO2 molecular unit. However, such changes are usually not well described by integer formal charges, a...
59 citations
Cites background from "Effect of pH and monovalent cations..."
...The most intense band is the CO stretching mode involving the hydroxyl group, which appears at 1,014 cm−1 and can be used in conjunction with nearby spectral features from other chemical species (CO32− or H2O network vibrations) to quantify bicarbonate concentrations in solution (76, 90)....
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52 citations
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3,206 citations
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06 Jun 1979
TL;DR: Weber and van Olphen as discussed by the authors provide valuable guidance in research and design efforts by giving a clear understanding of principles and concepts of colloid chemistry as applied to clay systems, including surface characterization and adsorption mechanisms; recent results in the area of clay-organic interaction-the intercalation and intersalation of kaolinite minerals; and increased attention to the possible role of clays in biological evolution.
Abstract: Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena Milton J. Rosen Bridging the gap between purely theoretical aspects of surface chemistry and the purely empirical experience of the industrial technologist, this book applies theoretical surface chemistry to understanding the action of surfactants in modifying interfacial phenomena. It surveys the structural types of commercially available surfactants and discusses interfacial phenomena, the physicochemical principles underlying the action of surfactants in each phenomenon, and the effect of structural changes in the surfactants and environmental changes on their action. Tables of data on various interfacial properties of surfactants, compiled and calculated from the latest scientific literature, are included. 1978 304 pp. An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry, 2nd Ed. H. van Olphen This book provides valuable guidance in research and design efforts by giving a clear understanding of principles and concepts of colloid chemistry as applied to clay systems. Updated and enlarged, this edition includes new information on surface characterization and adsorption mechanisms; recent results in the area of clay-organic interaction-the intercalation and intersalation of kaolinite minerals; and increased attention to the possible role of clays in biological evolution. 1977 318 pp. Physicochemical Processes for Water Quality Control Walter J. Weber, Jr. Focusing on physicochemical rather than biological processes, this book presents a comprehensive treatise on the treatment of municipal and industrial water and wastewater. All of the physicochemical processes important to municipal and industrial water and wastewater treatment-coagulation, filtration, membrane processes, chemical oxidation, and others-are included and each is covered thoroughly from principle through application. To maintain a high level of expertise, contributions have been incorporated from specialists actively involved in research or engineering applications in ea
2,538 citations
TL;DR: A review of the fundamental interactions of water with solid surfaces can be found in this paper, where the authors assimilated the results of the TM review with those covered by the authors to provide a current picture of water interactions on solid surfaces, such as how water adsorbs, what are the chemical and electrostatic forces that constitute the adsorbed layer, how is water thermally or non-thermally activated and how do coadsorbates influence these properties of water.
2,022 citations
TL;DR: The development of an ion-sensitive solid-state device that combines the principles of an MOS transistor and a glass electrode and can be used for measurements of ion activities in electrochemical and biological environments is described.
Abstract: The development of an ion-sensitive solid-state device is described. The device combines the principles of an MOS transistor and a glass electrode and can be used for measurements of ion activities in electrochemical and biological environments. Some preliminary results are given.
1,841 citations
TL;DR: Aluminas have been used extensively as adsorbenu and active catalysrs and catalyst supponsm the pas as discussed by the authors, and they are used as catalysts for the larter process LS also caralyzed by molybdena-alumina.
Abstract: Aluminas have been used extensively as adsorbenu and active catalysrs and catalyst supponsm the pas. Already in 1197 the aluminadyzed dehydration of ettllnoi was dtscavered by Dutch chermsts: and S;rbatier [3] remewed the use of dumlnas as active cazaiysrs far vanous reacttons UI the second decade of thu century. She that time the applicazions of aluuuas m dycic pmcesses have mcreased tremendously. In tndustrral cualytic pmcesses, alumuus are mostiy used as catalyst suppons [4]. Oxides a d mued oxides ap well as tracuuion mauls and noble meare supported oa alumma. Thuscb. romaa-elumana catalysts are ktng used for the conversion of parafdns to olailnrc hydrocarbons, 10 hydrodealkplation of aromatics. and to a lesser exzm in catalyzic reforming. The larter process LS also caralyzed by molybdena-alumina, a cavlyst system whid is also active for malang toluene and ocher aromatics from satwed hydrocarc bons. It also dyzes the Isomerhation of pm. Great efions are presently be-made to nudy the surface c...
1,665 citations