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Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of process parameters on hydrothermal liquefaction of oil palm biomass for bio-oil production and its life cycle assessment.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of temperature, pressure and reaction time on the subcritical and supercritical hydrothermal liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch, palm mesocarp fiber and palm kernel shell was investigated using a Inconel batch reactor.
About: This article is published in Energy Conversion and Management.The article was published on 2015-11-01. It has received 108 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Palm kernel & Hydrothermal liquefaction.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors briefly enlightened a few concepts of HTL such as the elemental composition of bio-crude obtained by HTL, different types of feedstock adopted for HTL processes, possible process flow diagrams of both wet and dry biomass and energy efficiency of the process.
Abstract: The rapid depletion of conventional fossil fuels and day-by-day growth of environmental pollution due to use of extensive use of fossil fuels have raised concerns over the use of the fossil fuels; and thus search for alternate renewable and sustainable sources for fuels has started in the last few decades. In this context biomass derived fuels seems to be the promising path; and various routes are available for the biomass processing such as pyrolysis, transesterification, hydrothermal liquefaction, steam reforming, etc.; and the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wet biomass seems to be the promising route. Therefore, this article briefly enlightened a few concepts of HTL such as the elemental composition of bio-crude obtained by HTL, different types of feedstock adopted for HTL, mechanism of HTL processes, possible process flow diagrams for HTL of both wet and dry biomass and energy efficiency of the process. In addition, this article also enlisted possible future research scope for concerned researchers and a few of them are setting up HTL plant suitable for both wet and dry biomass feedstock; analysing influence of parameters such as temperature, pressure, residence time, catalytic effects, etc.; deriving optimized pathways for better conversion; and development of theoretical models representing the process to the best possible accuracy depending on nature of feedstock.

755 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the three hydrothermal technologies, namely, liquefaction, gasification and carbonization, is presented to provide insight into the likelihood of commercialization.
Abstract: Hydrothermal processing, a thermochemical approach, is an excellent method of converting energy-rich biomass into useful products. This approach offers the advantage of handling biomass with relatively high moisture content by precluding an energy-intensive pretreatment step. Hydrothermal processing is of world-wide interest in view of depleting fossil-fuel reserves and increased environmental greenhouse gas emissions. There is potential to develop this novel technology at demonstration scale. This paper reviews the three hydrothermal technologies, namely hydrothermal liquefaction, gasification and carbonization, to provide insight into the likelihood of commercialization. The study discusses the role of different process parameters that have key impacts on the quality and yield of the desired products. This study also identifies the gaps in the literature including the need to establish a baseline to develop key process models and to perform a techno-economic assessment to get a better sense of the viability of the technology in future.

361 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current research status of agricultural waste in adsorbing pollutants is summarized, which pointed out the influencing factors of adsorption, and the future development prospect of agricultural Waste as adsorbent was given.

315 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterize the various forms of oil palm biomass for their important fuel and other physicochemical properties, and assesses this resource data in totality, concerning energy potential, the related biomass conversion technologies and possible combustion-related problems.

299 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A critical and up-to-date review has been conducted on the latest individual valorization technologies aimed at the generation of value-added by-products from food wastes in the form of bio-fuels, bio-materials, value added components and bio-based adsorbents.

230 citations

References
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Book
31 May 2002
TL;DR: The Guide to LCA is a guide to the management of LCA projects: procedures and guiding principles for the present Guide, which aims to clarify goal and scope definition, impact assessment, and interpretation.
Abstract: Preface. Foreword. Part 1: LCA in Perspective. 1. Why a new Guide to LCA? 2. Main characteristics of LCA. 3. International developments. 4. Guiding principles for the present Guide. 5. Reading guide. Part 2a: Guide. Reading guidance. 1. Management of LCA projects: procedures. 2. Goal and scope definition. 3. Inventory analysis. 4. Impact assessment. 5. Interpretation. Appendix A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations. Part 2b: Operational annex. List of tables. Reading guidance. 1. Management of LCA projects: procedures. 2. Goal and scope definition. 3. Inventory analysis. 4. Impact assessment. 5. Interpretation. 6. References. Part 3: Scientific background. Reading guidance. 1. General introduction. 2. Goal and scope definition. 3. Inventory analysis. 4. Impact assessment. 5. Interpretation. 6. References. Annex A: Contributors. Appendix B: Areas of application of LCA. Appendix C: Partitioning economic inputs and outputs to product systems.

2,383 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Broad agreement is reached between predictive yields and actual yields for the microalgae based on their biochemical composition, and the yields of bio-crude follow the trend lipids>proteins>carbohydrates.

973 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the principles, reactions, and applications of four fundamental thermo-chemical processes (combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and liquefaction) for bioenergy production, as well as recent developments in these technologies.

949 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of processing conditions including final liquefaction temperature, residence times, rate of biomass heating, size of biomass particles, type of solvent media and hydrogen donor solvents is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Hydrothermal liquefaction is a technique for obtaining clean biofuel from biomass in the presence of a solvent at moderate to high temperature (250–550 °C) and pressure (5–25 MPa). Hydrothermal decomposition of biomass leads to the formation of various compounds depending upon operating parameters. The role of processing conditions including final liquefaction temperature, residence times, rate of biomass heating, size of biomass particles, type of solvent media and hydrogen donor solvents is important for the bio-oil yield and quality of the product. The effect of these parameters on the yield and composition of the liquid products is reviewed in the paper. A brief description about the decomposition mechanism is also included to highlight the product types during hydrothermal liquefaction.

840 citations