Effect of Realistic Inter-CNT Coupling Capacitance in Mixed CNT Bundle
27 Dec 2011-pp 1-4
TL;DR: In this paper, a realistic inter-CNT electrostatic coupling capacitance and tunneling conductance model for a unit bundle containing one SWCNT and one MWCNT is presented.
Abstract: The change of potential across a CNT in a bundle necessitates the need to consider the inter-CNT coupling capacitance in the equivalent circuit of CNT interconnects for VLSI circuits. This paper presents a realistic inter-CNT electrostatic coupling capacitance and tunneling conductance model for this bundle and studied its effects in detail. The equivalent transmission line circuit model of a unit bundle containing one SWCNT and one MWCNT has been shown. This new model is then used to calculate the delay induced by the inter-CNT capacitance and tunneling conductance, which predicts the relative positioning of MW/SWCNTs in mixed CNT bundle.
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129 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of low-k dielectric materials for CNT interconnects is presented and the specific properties of these materials and the necessities for integrating them into CNT-interconnects to meet the requirements of future IC designers.
Abstract: Carbon nanotube (CNT) interconnects are emerging as the ultimate choice for next generation ultra large scale integrated (ULSI) circuits. Significant progress in precise growth of aligned CNTs and integration of multiwalled CNT interconnects into a test chip make them promising candidates for future nanoelectronic chips. Tremendous research efforts were made on silicon based ultra-low-k dielectrics for Cu interconnects, but, the most recent advancements in polymer based composites as dielectric materials open up fresh challenges in the use of low-k dielectrics for CNT interconnects. This paper reviews the emerging polymer composites like Boron Nitride Nanotubes, Graphene/Polyimide composites, Metal Organic Frameworks and small diameter CNTs. Many reviews are already exists on the synthesis, fabrication, dielectric, mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of these materials. In this review, we have explained the specific properties of these materials and the necessities for integrating them into CNT interconnects to meet the requirements of future IC designers.Keywords: low-k dielectric materials, ultra low-k dielectrics, carbon nanotubes, interconnects, dielectric constant,
19 citations
Cites background or methods from "Effect of Realistic Inter-CNT Coupl..."
...Also, other groups, including ours, have studied the properties of mixed CNT bundles (MCBs) as interconnects that have both SWCNTs and MWCNTs in them [15-21, 124, 125]....
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...Through SPICE simulations, it was found that MCBs can outperform SWCNT bundle and MWCNT interconnects in terms of delay and power dissipation [15-21, 125]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed and discussed the crosstalk behavior of triangular CNT bundle interconnects in two-line and three-line configurations, and the performance metrics that determine the functionality of the interconnect were found by HSPICE simulations.
Abstract: Triangular cross-sectioned carbon nanotube (CNT) bundle interconnects have gained attention recently due to their inherent advantage of least electrostatic coupling and hence reduced crosstalk. Moreover, this technology is in tune with the idea of miniaturization of components in integrated circuits. For the first time, this paper analyses and discusses the crosstalk behaviour of triangular CNT bundle interconnects in two-line and three-line configurations. First, the equivalent circuit model of the triangular CNT bundle is presented. Resistance, capacitance and inductance values are calculated for 20 nm and 14 nm technology nodes. CNTFET-based drivers and loads are connected to the interconnects. Performance analysis of triangular CNT bundles with respect to traditionally proposed square CNT bundles is done. The performance metrics that determine the functionality of the interconnects such as propagation delay, power dissipation, crosstalk-induced delay and dynamic power dissipation, are found by HSPICE simulations. Results show that both square and triangular CNT bundles suffer from crosstalk and of the two, triangular CNT bundles perform better than square CNT bundles.
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchical model of mixed CNT bundle (MCB) based non-conventional arrangements of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes was introduced to analyze the propagation delay and power dissipation of CNT bundles.
2 citations
Cites background or methods from "Effect of Realistic Inter-CNT Coupl..."
...This capacitance contributes to the overall delay of the interconnect line [17]....
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...Based on the transmission line theory [16-23], an Equivalent Single Conductor (ESC) model is presented for bundled SWCNT and bundled MWCNT....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, single walled carbon nanotube bundles as VLSI interconnects at 20nm, 16nm, 14nm and 12nm technology nodes were proposed.
Abstract: This paper proposes single walled carbon nanotube bundles as VLSI interconnects at 20nm, 16nm, 14nm and 12nm Technology nodes. Effects of voltage scaling on propagation delay and power dissipation of the interconnects is analyzed. Input voltages ranging from 0.3 V (deep subthreshold) to 0.8 V (moderate subthreshold) are considered. After formulating the equivalent single conductor RLC transmission line circuit of the interconnects, simulations of a driver-interconnect-load setup using SmartSPICE was carried out. Later, electric field simulations of coupled interconnects considering Miller capacitance effects for in-phase and out-of-phase conditions was done. Results show that voltage scaling is essential as the technology node size decreases to ensure low-power devices.
1 citations
Cites methods from "Effect of Realistic Inter-CNT Coupl..."
...Transmission line modeling of both SWCNT bundle and MWCNT interconnects were done to analyze their circuit level performance as interconnects [6-7, 13-15]....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the current carrying capacity and reliability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under high current densities (>109 A/cm2) were investigated and shown that no observable failure in the nanotube structure and no measurable change in the resistance are detected at temperatures up to 250 ˚C and for time scales up to 2 weeks.
Abstract: The current-carrying capacity and reliability studies of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under high current densities (>109 A/cm2) show that no observable failure in the nanotube structure and no measurable change in the resistance are detected at temperatures up to 250 °C and for time scales up to 2 weeks. Our results suggest that nanotubes are potential candidates as interconnects in future large-scale integrated nanoelectronic devices.
1,229 citations
"Effect of Realistic Inter-CNT Coupl..." refers background in this paper
...The transmission line (TL) modeling of SWCNT bundle as well as MWCNT interconnects has already been carried out earlier [1-3]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the state-of-the-art of carbon-based nanomaterials, particularly the one-dimensional (1-D) forms, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), are reviewed.
Abstract: This paper reviews the current state of research in carbon-based nanomaterials, particularly the one-dimensional (1-D) forms, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), whose promising electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties make them attractive candidates for next-generation integrated circuit (IC) applications. After summarizing the basic physics of these materials, the state of the art of their interconnect-related fabrication and modeling efforts is reviewed. Both electrical and thermal modeling and performance analysis for various CNT- and GNR-based interconnects are presented and compared with conventional interconnect materials to provide guidelines for their prospective applications. It is shown that single-walled, double-walled, and multiwalled CNTs can provide better performance than that of Cu. However, in order to make GNR interconnects comparable with Cu or CNT interconnects, both intercalation doping and high edge-specularity must be achieved. Thermal analysis of CNTs shows significant advantages in tall vias, indicating their promising application as through-silicon vias in 3-D ICs. In addition to on-chip interconnects, various applications exploiting the low-dimensional properties of these nanomaterials are discussed. These include chip-to-packaging interconnects as well as passive devices for future generations of IC technology. Specifically, the small form factor of CNTs and reduced skin effect in CNT interconnects have significant implications for the design of on-chip capacitors and inductors, respectively.
411 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed investigation of MWCNT-based interconnect performance is presented, for the first time, and a compact equivalent circuit model is presented for evaluating and compared with traditional Cu interconnects, as well as Single-Walled CNT (SWCNT) based interconnect, at different interconnect levels.
Abstract: Metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received much attention for their unique characteristics as a possible alternative to Cu interconnects in future ICs. Until this date, while almost all fabrication efforts have been directed toward multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) interconnects, there is a lack of MWCNT modeling work. This paper presents, for the first time, a detailed investigation of MWCNT-based interconnect performance. A compact equivalent circuit model of MWCNTs is presented for the first time, and the performance of MWCNT interconnects is evaluated and compared against traditional Cu interconnects, as well as Single-Walled CNT (SWCNT)-based interconnects, at different interconnect levels (local, intermediate, and global) for future technology nodes. It is shown that at the intermediate and global levels, MWCNT interconnects can achieve smaller signal delay than that of Cu interconnects, and the improvements become more significant with technology scaling and increasing wire lengths. At 1000- global or 500- intermediate level interconnects, the delay of MWCNT interconnects can reach as low as 15% of Cu interconnect delay. It is also shown that in order for SWCNT bundles to outperform MWCNT interconnects, dense and high metallic-fraction SWCNT bundles are necessary. On the other hand, since MWCNTs are easier to fabricate with less concern about the chirality and density control, they can be attractive for immediate use as horizontal wires in VLSI, including local, intermediate, and global level interconnects.
350 citations
"Effect of Realistic Inter-CNT Coupl..." refers background in this paper
...Moreover, dense metallic SWCNT bundles and large diametered MWCNTs were proposed as the ideal interconnect materials and their applications at local, intermediate and global interconnect levels were studied [4-8]....
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...Tunneling conductance is diameter dependent as depicted by equation (3) [7]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive conductance and delay analysis of GNR interconnects is presented using a simple tight-binding model and the linear response Landauer formula, and both global and local GNR delays are analyzed using an RLC equivalent circuit model.
Abstract: Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are considered as a prospective interconnect material. A comprehensive conductance and delay analysis of GNR interconnects is presented in this paper. Using a simple tight-binding model and the linear response Landauer formula, the conductance model of GNR is derived. Several GNR structures are examined, and the conductance among them and other interconnect materials [e.g., copper (Cu), tungsten (W), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)] is compared. The impact of different model parameters (i.e., bandgap, mean free path, Fermi level, and edge specularity) on the conductance is discussed. Both global and local GNR interconnect delays are analyzed using an RLC equivalent circuit model. Intercalation doping for multilayer GNRs is proposed, and it is shown that in order to match (or better) the performance of Cu or CNT bundles at either the global or local level, multiple zigzag-edged GNR layers along with proper intercalation doping must be used and near-specular nanoribbon edge should be achieved. However, intercalation-doped multilayer zigzag GNRs can have better performance than that of W, implying possible application as local interconnects in some cases. Thus, this paper identifies the on-chip interconnect domains where GNRs can be employed and provides valuable insights into the process technology development for GNR interconnects.
335 citations
"Effect of Realistic Inter-CNT Coupl..." refers background in this paper
...The transmission line (TL) modeling of SWCNT bundle as well as MWCNT interconnects has already been carried out earlier [1-3]....
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31 May 2005
TL;DR: It is shown that CNT bundles can outperform copper for long intermediate and global interconnects, and can be engineered to compete with copper for local level interConnects.
Abstract: The work in this paper analyses the applicability of carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles as interconnects for VLSI circuits, while taking into account the practical limitations in this technology. A model is developed to calculate equivalent circuit parameters for a CNT-bundle interconnect based on interconnect geometry. Using this model, the performance of CNT-bundle interconnects (at local, intermediate and global levels) is compared to copper wires of the future. It is shown that CNT bundles can outperform copper for long intermediate and global interconnects, and can be engineered to compete with copper for local level interconnects. The technological requirements necessary to make CNT bundles viable as future interconnects are also laid out.
299 citations
"Effect of Realistic Inter-CNT Coupl..." refers background in this paper
...Moreover, dense metallic SWCNT bundles and large diametered MWCNTs were proposed as the ideal interconnect materials and their applications at local, intermediate and global interconnect levels were studied [4-8]....
[...]