Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of retention interval on showup and lineup performance
Stacy A. Wetmore,Jeffrey S. Neuschatz,Scott D. Gronlund,Alex R. Wooten,Charles A. Goodsell,Curt A. Carlson +5 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors examined the impact of retention interval on showup identifications, and concluded that immediate showups might be no worse than, and perhaps even better than, a lineup conducted after a delay.Abstract:
Showups – when a single suspect is presented to an eyewitness – are thought to be a more suggestive procedure than traditional lineups by the U.S. Supreme Court and social science researchers. The present experiment examined the impact of retention interval on showup identifications, because immediate showups might be no worse than, and perhaps even better than, a lineup conducted after a delay. Participants (N = 1584) viewed a mock-crime video and then were presented with a showup or a simultaneous lineup, either immediately or a 48 h delay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed that a showup never resulted in better identification accuracy than a lineup. We conclude with a discussion of whether showups should ever be used.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Relationship Between Eyewitness Confidence and Identification Accuracy: A New Synthesis.
John T. Wixted,Gary L. Wells +1 more
TL;DR: Understanding the information value of eyewitness confidence under pristine testing conditions can help the criminal justice system to simultaneously achieve both of its main objectives: to exonerate the innocent and to convict the guilty.
Journal ArticleDOI
Policy and procedure recommendations for the collection and preservation of eyewitness identification evidence.
Gary L. Wells,Margaret Bull Kovera,Amy Bradfield Douglass,Neil Brewer,Christian A. Meissner,John T. Wixted +5 more
TL;DR: The reliability and integrity of eyewitness identification evidence is highly dependent on the procedures used by law enforcement for collecting and preserving the eyewitness evidence, and these nine recommendations can advance the reliability and Integrity of the evidence.
Journal ArticleDOI
ROC analysis of lineups does not measure underlying discriminability and has limited value
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that ROC analysis confuses filler siphoning with an improvement in underlying discriminability, thereby fostering misleading theoretical conclusions about how lineups work, and illustrate how this approach misfires as a measure of underlying discrimINability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Unfair Lineups Make Witnesses More Likely to Confuse Innocent and Guilty Suspects.
TL;DR: This work compared three fair-lineup techniques used by the police with unfair lineups in which the authors did nothing to prevent distinctive suspects from standing out, and found doing nothing not only increased subjects' willingness to identify the suspect but also markedly impaired subjects’ ability to distinguish between innocent and guilty suspects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fair lineups are better than biased lineups and showups, but not because they increase underlying discriminability.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a structural phenomenon of lineups, differential filler siphoning, and not the psychological phenomenon of diagnostic-feature detection, explains why lineups are superior to showups and why fair lineups is superior to biased lineups.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Improving eyewitness identifications from lineups: Simultaneous versus sequential lineup presentation.
Rod C. L. Lindsay,Gary L. Wells +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a crime was staged for 240 unsuspecting eyewitnesses either individually or in pairs, and one quarter of the eyewitnesses attempted identifications in each of four lineup conditions: six pictures were presented either simultaneously, as used in traditional procedures, or sequentially, in which yes/no judgments were made for each picture; each procedure either contained the photograph of the criminal-confederate or a picture of a similar looking replacement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-analysis of facial identification studies.
TL;DR: Meta-analyse de 128 etudes consacrees a l'identification du temoignage oculaire et a la reconnaissance des visages, recherchant les facteurs influencant la performance and les secteurs de recherche a approfondir dans ce domaine.
Book
Convicting the Innocent: Where Criminal Prosecutions Go Wrong
TL;DR: Garrett as mentioned in this paper examines what went wrong in the cases of the first 250 wrongfully convicted people to be exonerated by DNA testing, and proposes practical reforms that rely more on documented, recorded, and audited evidence, and less on fallible human memory.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Psychology of Lineup Identifications1
TL;DR: In this paper, a review is made of issues and data on eyewitness identifications, and a relative-judgment conceptualization is proposed, which is argued that eyewitnesses are prone to choose the lineup member who most resembles the perpetrator relative to other lineup members as evidenced by studies that manipulated similarity of lineup members.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eyewitness identification in actual criminal cases: an archival analysis.
TL;DR: This study analyzed 271 actual police cases in order to address several prevalent issues in the eyewitness literature, and found the relation between confidence and suspect/foil identifications for the live lineups was significant and moderately high.
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A signal-detection-based diagnostic-feature-detection model of eyewitness identification.
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