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Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of spraying nitrogen-fixing phyllospheric bacterial isolates on wheat plants

01 Oct 1981-Plant and Soil (Springer Science and Business Media LLC)-Vol. 61, Iss: 3, pp 419-427
TL;DR: Culture of two nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from rice and jute phyllospheres respectively were sprayed on wheat plants as substitute for nitrogenous fertilisers and there was a marked improvement in yield and growth of the plants.
Abstract: Culture of two nitrogen-fixing bacteria (REN2 and JN1) isolated from rice and jute phyllospheres respectively, were sprayed on wheat plants as substitute for nitrogenous fertilisers. There was a marked improvement in yield and growth of the plants. An average increase in yield by 70% was obtained which was very near to that obtained by fertilizer treatment.
Citations
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OtherDOI
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the history and potential commercial use for Cutin and Cutinase, and the role of Cutin in the Interaction with Microbes.
Abstract: Introduction Historical Outline Occurrence and Ultrastructure of Cutin Isolation of Cutin Depolymerization of Cutin Chemical Depolymerization Enzymatic Depolymerization Monomer Composition of Cutin Structure of Cutin Biosynthesis of Cutin Biosynthesis of the C16 Family of Cutin Monomers Biosynthesis of the C18 Family of Cutin Monomers Synthesis of Cutin from Monomers Cutin Biodegradation Cutin Degradation in Plants Degradation of Cutin by Animals Cutin Degradation by Bacteria Fungal Degradation Function of Cutin Material Exchange with the Environment Low-temperature Adaptation Role of Cutin in the Interaction with Microbes Cutin Required for Proper Development of Plant Organs Potential Commercial Use for Cutin and Cutinase Outlook and Perspectives Patents Keywords: cutin; cuticle; cutinase; hydroxy fatty acids; epoxyfatty acids; biosynthesis; biodegradation; ω-hydroxylase; epoxidation; epoxide hydration; transcriptional regulation; cytochrome P450; esterification; lipase; fungal cutinase; bacterial cutinase; plant cutinase; environment; infection; O-glycosidic bonds; active serine; catalytic triad; nuclear magnetic resonance; mass spectrometry

58 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The results obtained with the crude solubilized preparations supported the previous conclusions that multiple elongating systems are present in the membrane preparations and suggested that different chain-elongating enzyme systems are involved in their synthesis.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses lipid-derived defensive polymers and waxes and their role in plant-microbe interaction. Elongation of fatty acids by cell-free preparations from epidermal cells, where alkanes are known to be generated, has been demonstrated. Thus, microsomal preparations generate > C 20 acids from acyl-CoA using malonyl-CoA and NADPH as substrates. Although long acids with chain lengths approaching those of the alkanes can be generated by some of the cell-free preparations, chain length distribution of the products generated in vitro does not often correspond to that of the alkanes. As the epidermis generates many classes of lipids, each with its own characteristic chain length distribution, it is likely that different chain-elongating enzyme systems are involved in their synthesis. The different cell-free preparations so far studied contain more than one elongating system. The results obtained with the crude solubilized preparations supported the previous conclusions that multiple elongating systems are present in the membrane preparations.

58 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cutinase, an extracellular enzyme, was induced by cutin in a fluorescent Pseudomonas putida strain that was found to be cohabiting with an apparently nitrogen-fixing Corynebacterium, suggesting that bacterial cutinase is an "active serine" enzyme.

45 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study aims at evaluating the ability of Beijerinckia derxii, a free‐living nitrogen (N)‐fixing bacterium frequently isolated from tropical soils, to release certain plant growth regulators and amino acids into the growth medium.
Abstract: D . S . T H U L E R , E . I . S . F L O H , W . H A N D R O A N D H . R . B A R B O S A . 2003. Aims: This study aims at evaluating the ability of Beijerinckia derxii, a free-living nitrogen (N)-fixing bacterium frequently isolated from tropical soils, to release certain plant growth regulators [indoleacetic acid (IAA), ethylene, polyamines] and amino acids into the growth medium. Methods and Results: The production of those substances was compared using both cultures in which nitrogenase was active (N-free medium) and cultures in which nitrogenase was repressed (combined-N cultures). Those cultures were grown under agitation and in absence of agitation. Total IAA production was higher in agitated, N-free cultures but specific production was greater in combined-N cultures under agitation. Putrescine and spermidine were detected under all conditions tested. Ethylene was produced in both N-free and combined-N cultures. A greatest diversity of amino acids was released in N-free cultures. Conclusions: There was no inhibition of the production of the analysed substances under conditions where nitrogenase was inactive. Significance and Impact of the Study: Beijerinckia derxii is potentially a producer of plant-active substances; its presence in the natural environment suggests that this bacterium may contribute to the development of other living organisms.

34 citations


Cites background from "Effect of spraying nitrogen-fixing ..."

  • ...Beijerinckia indica ( JN1) isolated from phyllosphere (Pati and Chandra 1981) and Beijerinckia sp. isolated from sources other than leaf surface (Nandi and Sen 1981), when sprayed on wheat and rice plants, as a substitute for nitrogenous fertilizers, resulted in a marked improvement in yield and…...

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  • ...Beijerinckia indica ( JN1) isolated from phyllosphere (Pati and Chandra 1981) and Beijerinckia sp....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results confirmed that the use of PGPB could contribute as a new cultivation practice for sustainable growth, productivity and quality of grain crops.
Abstract: The use of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) as biostimulants favors the increase of crop productivity and the improvement of yield quality. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the PGPB biostimulants (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megatherium and their mixes) and the application method (foliar and soil) on the growth, the physiology, the yield and the quality of maize. The obtained results showed that A. chroococcum treatment increased the chlorophyll content up to 6.1%, the photosynthetic rate up to 18.4% and the transpiration rate up to 34.3%. The highest maize yields were performed by the treatments B. megatherium (244.67 g) and the mix of A. chroococcum and B. subtilis (1:1) (243.67 g) when applied on the soil. The Soil application of the PGPB resulted in increased yield of maize from 5.5 to 13.4% compared to control treatment. Concerning quality characteristics, B. subtilis treatment increased total solids content in harvested maize seeds by 92%, as well as crude fiber content by 46% compared to control. The results confirmed that the use of PGPB could contribute as a new cultivation practice for sustainable growth, productivity and quality of grain crops.

31 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1954
TL;DR: In this article, statistical methods for agricultural workers were used to train agricultural workers in the field of agricultural productivity and agricultural productivity, and the results showed that agricultural workers performed better than other agricultural workers.
Abstract: Statistical methods for agricultural workers , Statistical methods for agricultural workers , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

3,396 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1956-Nature

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the limited space of the petri dish the cultural conditions for active nitrogen fixation quickly deteriorated by the accumulation of metabolic products from both the leaf and the microvegetation, and Heterotrophs and predatory protozoa eventually dominated the initial population.
Abstract: SummaryMeasurements of the amounts of anthrone- and ninhydrin-positive substances occurring in rain-water and dew on plants in Surinam have been made, as well as of the possible nitrogen gains and losses in the dew.Nitrogen fixation in detached leaves in association with an autochthonous phyllosphere population and in those enriched withAzotobacter sp.,Beijerinckia sp., orPseudomonas sp. are compared.Dry weight and total nitrogen increases of single leaves, or part of leaves, of Coffea, Gossypium, and Phaseolus floated on a nitrogen-free medium in petri dishes were determined at intervals of a few days and compared with a control at the start of the experiment.Gains in total nitrogen amounting to 20 to 105 per cent over the control were measured within two weeks. The increases were found in the leaves as well as in the culture medium and were dependent on the age of the leaf, on the light, and on the temperature. The energy substrates for bacterial nitrogen fixation were obviously furnished by the leaf, which increased in size and up to 200 per cent in dry weight.In the limited space of the petri dish the cultural conditions for active nitrogen fixation quickly deteriorated by the accumulation of metabolic products from both the leaf and the microvegetation. Heterotrophs and predatory protozoa eventually dominated the initial population. Earlier gains were then partly lost.The consequences of the biocoenosis of leaves and microbes for the vegetation are discussed.

73 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
A. D. Rovira1
TL;DR: It was shown that Azotobacter did not colonize the roots of lucerne, maize, tomato, or wheat to any great extent and Bacillus and Clostridium were moderate colonizers of plant roots reaching from 1 to 20 per cent the levels reached by Pseudomonas fluorescens on the same plants.
Abstract: Seed of maize, tomato, and wheat was inoculated with cultures of Azotobacter, Clostridium, and a nitrogen-fixing facultative Bacillus and grown in a nutrient-deficient sand and a highly fertile silt loam. In sand, wheat showed a significant positive response to inoculation with Azotobacter and Clostridium but maize and tomato were unaffected by inoculation. When inoculated seed was planted in Lima silt loam there were significant increases in the growth of maize, tomato, and wheat to treatment with Clostridium, inoculated maize and wheat responded to Azotobacter inoculation while only wheat responded to inoculation with the facultative Bacillus. In pure-culture studies of the ability of these cultures to establish upon plant roots it was shown that Azotobacter did not colonize the roots of lucerne, maize, tomato, or wheat to any great extent. Bacillus and Clostridium were moderate colonizers of plant roots reaching from 1 to 20 per cent the levels reached byPseudomonas fluorescens on the same plants.

56 citations