Effect of Talc and Synthetic Sodium Aluminum Silicate (SSAS) on the Properties of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)
01 Sep 2005-Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 18, Iss: 5, pp 393-405
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of both fillers on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, salt spray performance; rheological as well as optical properties of filled PMMA are measured.
Abstract: The advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modification as precise as the tailored resins themselves. Compounds are prepared from poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and two fillers, talc and synthetic sodium aluminum silicate (SSAS), at varying concentrations (up to 40 wt%). The effects of both the fillers on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, salt spray performance; rheological as well as optical properties of filled PMMA are measured. The impact strength of PMMA increased with increasing concentrations of talc and SSAS up to 20 and 15% loading, respectively, and thereafter declined continuously in both the cases. Increase in impact strength is more in the case of talc-filled PMMA than that of SSAS-filled PMMA. Tensile strength decreased with increasing concentration of both the fillers continuously. The elongation at break decreased drastically for PMMA with increasing concentrations of both the fillers. Electrical properties remained almost unchan...
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TL;DR: In this article, Bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphide (Si69) is used as a coupling agent to improve PMMA-cellulose adhesion.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of nanosized CaCO3 on the thermal and optical properties embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) were investi- gated.
Abstract: The influences of nanosized CaCO3 on the thermal and optical properties embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) were investi- gated. Calcium carbonate nanoparticles were synthesized by in situ deposition technique, and its nano size (32-35 nm) was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray studies. Nanocomposites samples of PMMA/CaCO3 and PS/CaCO3 were prepared with different filler loading (0-4 wt%) of CaCO3 nanoparticles by solution mixing technique. The Fourier transform infrared analysis con- firmed that CaCO3 nanoparticles were present in the poly- mers matrices. The morphology and elemental composition of nanocomposites were evaluated by SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The thermal properties of nanocomposites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetric, thermogravimetric, and differential thermo- gravimetry analysis, and the results indicate that the incor- poration of CaCO3 nanoparticles could significantly improve the thermal properties of PMMA/CaCO3 and PS/ CaCO3 nanocomposites. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and decomposition temperature (Td) of nanocomposites with 4 wt% of CaCO3 nanoparticles were increased by 30 and 24 K in case of PMMA/CaCO3 and 32 and 15 K in the case of PS/CaCO3 nanocomposites, respectively. The obtained transparent nanocomposites films were character- ized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer which shows the transparencies of nanocomposites are almost maintained in visible region while the intensity of absorption band in ultraviolet (UV) region is increased with CaCO3 nanopar- ticles contents and these composites particles could enhance the UV-shielding properties of polymers.
29 citations
Cites background from "Effect of Talc and Synthetic Sodium..."
...As a consequence, the nanocomposites properties are strongly influenced by the nature of the interface between the inorganic nanoparticles, and the polymer matrix can give rise to some unusual properties in these materials [17, 18]....
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TL;DR: In this article, thermal and optical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) containing 2wt% calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanofiller were investigated.
Abstract: The study deals with thermal and optical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) containing 2wt% calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanofiller. It was found that the thermal conductivity increases with increasing temperatures, due to thermal activation of the phonons in the PMMA/CaCO3 nanocomposite. This enhancement in the thermal conduction is mainly attributed to the heat transferred by lattice vibrations as major contributors and electrons as minor contributors during thermal conduction. The optical properties were investigated as a function of wavelength and photon energy of UV radiation. The optical results obtained were analysed in terms of absorption formula for noncrystalline materials. It was found that the measured optical energy gap for the pure PMMA is greater than the PMMA/CaCO3 nanocomposite. The width of the energy tails of the localised states was calculated. Adding CaCO3 nanofiller into PMMA matrix may cause the localised states of different colour centres to overlap and extend in the mobil...
24 citations
Cites background from "Effect of Talc and Synthetic Sodium..."
...A strong interfacial interaction between the inorganic nanoparticles and the polymer matrix can give rise to some unusual properties in these materials [14,15]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of variation in melt flow index (MFI) of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) as a polymeric compatibilizing agent on various properties of fly ash was investigated.
Abstract: Present study deals with the effect of variation in melt flow index (MFI) of maleic anhydride–grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) as a polymeric compatibilizing agent on various properties of fly ash ...
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of treatment of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5% titanate-coupling agent (LICA 38) on various properties of fly ash-filled polypropylene (PP) composites was studied.
Abstract: The present article studies the effect of treatment of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5% titanate-coupling agent (LICA 38) on various properties of fly ash–filled polypropylene (PP) composites. The fly ash content varied from 0 to 30 wt%. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composite material were evaluated, and microstructure investigated through scanning electron microscopy. Experimental results were compared with various existing models. Experimental data for tensile yield strength showed good fit to the existing models. Adhesion parameter or interfacial interaction was also evaluated though Pukanszky model. The values of yield stress and breaking strength of treated fly ash–based composites showed higher values compared to that of untreated fly ash–filled PP composites at corresponding filler content. The overall mechanical properties of fly ash–filled composites are essentially decided by wettability of the filler. It is also found that Vicat softening point improved with the addition of fly ash filler. Mo...
10 citations
References
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TL;DR: Examination of the effect of the amount of glass bead filler added to GBC on its mechanical and biological properties, and the most suitable content of filler, concludes that GBC60 shows excellent osteoconductivity and sufficient mechanical strength for clinical use.
Abstract: A new bioactive bone cement (designated GBC), consisting of bioactive glass beads as an inorganic filler and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as an organic matrix, has been developed. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of the amount of glass bead filler added to GBC on its mechanical and biological properties, and to decide the most suitable content of filler. Serial changes in GBC with time were also examined. The newly designed bioactive beads, consisting of MgO-CaO-SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -CaF 2 glass, were added to the cement in the proportions 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 wt %. These cements were designated GBC30, GBC40, GBC50, GBC60, and GBC70, respectively. The compressive strength and the elastic modulus of bending of GBC increased as the glass bead content increased. The various types of GBC were packed into the intramedullar canals of rat tibiae to evaluate osteoconductivity, as determined by an affinity index calculated as the length of bone in direct contact with the cement expressed as a percentage of the total length of the cement surface. Rats were killed at 4 and 8 weeks after the operation and the affinity index was calculated for each type of GBC. Histologically, new bone had formed along the surface of all types of GBC within 4 weeks, even in GBC30 containing only 30 wt % of glass beads. At each time interval studied, there was a trend for the affinity index of GBC to increase as the glass bead filler content increased. There was no significant increase of affinity index between GBC60 and GBC70. The affinity indices for all types of GBC increased significantly with time up to 8 weeks. The handling properties of GBC were comparable to those of conventional PMMA bone cement. We conclude that when mechanical properties and osteoconductivity are both taken into consideration, GBC60 is the most suitable formulation; it shows excellent osteoconductivity and sufficient mechanical strength for clinical use.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of acid-base interactions on adsorption and wollastonite dispersion in polymer matrix has been discussed with determined mechanical properties of surface-treated (stearic acid) and untreated wollastite-filled PMMA polymer composites.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-coated talc was produced by the insitu polymerization of methyl metha-rylate on the talc surface by both batch and semicontinuous emulsion processes.
Abstract: In this study, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-coated talc was produced by the insitu polymerization of methyl methacrylate on the talc surface. The polymerization reaction was performed by both batch and semicontinuous emulsion processes. The polymerization kinetics, particle size and distribution, grafting efficiency, and coated-talc morphology were systematically investigated. It was found that the talc particles have no effect on the polymerization of PMMA. The PMMA produced was found to cover the talc surface well. However, only a small amount can be grafted onto the talc. The size distribution of talc particles treated by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization is more uniform than by batch polymerization. The treated talc was subsequently used as filler in a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix, and mechanical properties of the PMMA-coated-talc/PVC composites were studied. Morphological structure of PVC-matrix composites revealed that the PMMA coating on talc improved the dispersion of talc in the PVC matrix and enhanced the interfacial adhesion between the talc and PVC. The mechanical properties of the composites, especially the impact strength, were found to be improved. There appears to be a critical covering thickness of PMMA on the talc surface for optimum toughening. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2105–2112, 2001
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, high-transparency poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites have been made by carefully matching the refractive index of the glass fiber reinforcement with the PMMA matrix.
Abstract: Highly transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites have been made by carefully matching the refractive index of the glass fiber reinforcement with the PMMA matrix Composites containing 104 vol% glass fibers and 068 mm in thickness had an overall optical transmission of 92% The transparency of the composites is temperature dependent because of the different temperature coefficients of refractive index for the glass fiber and PMMA The tensile strength of the composites at room temperature was twice that of pure PMMA and decreased with increasing temperature, as predicted by the rule of mixtures
48 citations