Effect of the various parameters governing solid-phase microextraction for the trace-determination of pesticides in water
TL;DR: The calibration curves were similar when one analyte of interest was present on its own in a drinking water sample, or when eleven other pesticides were present at the same concentration or when much higher concentrations of other analytes were present in the sample.
About: This article is published in Journal of Chromatography A.The article was published on 1998-01-30. It has received 118 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Solid-phase microextraction & Solid phase extraction.
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TL;DR: The objective of this review is to provide updated information about the most important features of the new solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials, their interaction mode and their potential for modern SPE.
975 citations
TL;DR: The applications of solid-phase microextraction for sample preparation in pesticide residue analysis are reviewed taking into account the different approaches of this technique coupled mainly to gas chromatography but also to high-performance liquid chromatography.
278 citations
TL;DR: Headspace SPME is a valid alternative for the determination of two- to five-ring PAHs and the reproducibility of the measurements between fibers was found to be very good.
262 citations
TL;DR: The degradation of coffee aroma volatiles during storage was followed by relative headspace measurements and absolute quantifications, and both methods gave similar values for 3-methylbutanal, 4-ethylguaiacol, and 2,3-pentanedione.
Abstract: Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers were evaluated for their ability to adsorb volatile flavor compounds under various conditions with coffee and aqueous flavored solutions. Experiments comparing different fibers showed that poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene had the highest overall sensitivity. Carboxen/poly(dimethylsiloxane) was the most sensitive to small molecules and acids. As the concentrations of compounds increased, the quantitative linear range was exceeded as shown by competition effects with 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine at concentrations above 1 ppm. A method based on a short-time sampling of the headspace (1 min) was shown to better represent the equilibrium headspace concentration. Analysis of coffee brew with a 1-min headspace adsorption time was verified to be within the linear range for most compounds and thus appropriate for relative headspace quantification. Absolute quantification of volatiles, using isotope dilution assays (IDA), is not subject to biases caused by excess compound concentrations or complex matrices. The degradation of coffee aroma volatiles during storage was followed by relative headspace measurements and absolute quantifications. Both methods gave similar values for 3-methylbutanal, 4-ethylguaiacol, and 2,3-pentanedione. Acetic acid, however, gave higher values during storage upon relative headspace measurements due to concurrent pH decreases that were not seen with IDA.
259 citations
TL;DR: A solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography (GC) based analytical method for the simultaneous separation and determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous samples has been developed, based on the sorption of target analytes on a selectively sorptive fibre and subsequent desorption of analytes directly into GC-MS.
253 citations
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4,485 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the absorption and desorption processes of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene were described and compared with experimental results for solid-phase microextraction using poly(dimethylsiloxane)-coated fused silica optical fibers.
Abstract: Mathematical descriptions of the absorption and desorption processes were developed and compared with experimental results for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using poly(dimethylsiloxane)-coated fused silica optical fibers. Extraction times for benzene, toluene, and p-xylene using a coating thickness of 55 {mu}m are under 10 min and can be shortened substantially using agitation. Detection limits and distribution coefficients for several organic compounds are presented. 20 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.
605 citations
TL;DR: The solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique as mentioned in this paper involves exposing a fused silica fiber that has been coated with a stationary phase to and aqueous solution containing organic contaminants.
Abstract: The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique involves exposing a fused silica fiber that has been coated with a stationary phase to and aqueous solution containing organic contaminants. The analytes partition into the stationary phase until an equilibrium has been reached, after which the fiber is removed from the solution and the analytes are thermally desorbed in the injector of a gas chromatograph
598 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solid phase microextraction (SPME) method based on poly(acrylate)coated fibers has been developed for the phenol regulated by U.S. EPA wastewater method 604 and 623 and Ontario MISA Group 20 regulations.
Abstract: In solid-phase microextraction (SPME), sorbent-coated silicafibers are used to extract analytes from aqueous or gaseous samples. After extraction, the fibers are directly transferred to the injector of a gas chromatograph, where the analytes are thermally desorbed and subsequently separated and quantified. This is a fast and simple analytical technique, which does not require solvents. An SPME method based on poly(acrylate)coated fibers has been developed for the phenol regulated by U.S. EPA wastewater method 604 and 623 and Ontario MISA Group 20 regulations. The method is capable of sub parts per billion detection limits of detection, and precision of 5-12 RSD, depending on the compound
515 citations
TL;DR: Solid-phase microextraction was investigated as a solvent-free alternative method for the extraction and analysis of nonpolar semivolatile analytes and eliminates the loss of analytes through adsorption onto container walls and saves transport costs.
Abstract: Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was investigated as a solvent-free alternative method for the extraction and analysis of nonpolar semivolatile analytes. Analytes were extracted into a polymeric phase immobilized onto a fusedsilica fiber. The fiber was then inserted directly into the injector of a gas chromatograph, and the analytes were thermally desorbed. This new technique allows sampling directly from the source (lake, drinking fountain, etc.) and, therefore, eliminates the loss of analytes through adsorption onto container walls and saves transport costs
361 citations