Effect of tube diameter on flooding

doi:10.1016/S0301-9322(00)00045-8

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Effect of tube diameter on flooding

Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of tube diameter on flooding

M. Vijayan¹, Sreenivas Jayanti¹, A.R. Balakrishnan¹•Institutions (1)

Indian Institutes of Technology¹

01 May 2001-International Journal of Multiphase Flow (Pergamon)-Vol. 27, Iss: 5, pp 797-816

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of tube diameter on the mechanism of flooding in vertical gas-liquid countercurrent annular flow was investigated. But the results indicated that the mechanism was qualitatively different in the small and the large diameter test sections.

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About: This article is published in International Journal of Multiphase Flow.The article was published on 2001-05-01. It has received 56 citations till now.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Modification and application of water film model in COCOSYS for PWR's passive containment cooling

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Xi Huang¹, Xu Cheng¹•Institutions (1)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology¹

01 Dec 2014-Nuclear Engineering and Design

TL;DR: In this article, the physical model describing water film behaviors in German containment code system COCOSYS has been modified by taking into consideration the film breakup and subsequent phenomena as well as the effect of film interfacial shear stress created by countercurrent air flow.

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14 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Improving Flooding Performance for Countercurrent Monolith Reactors

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Achim Karl-Erich Heibel¹, Joshua A. Jamison¹, Pierre Woehl¹, Freek Kapteijn¹, Jacob A. Moulijn¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Delft University of Technology¹

03 Jul 2004-Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the limiting factors on the flooding performance of monoliths and proposed solutions to overcome these additional hydraulic restrictions, based on stacking slices of high void-fraction monolith segments with strategic step changes in cell density.

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Abstract: The limiting factors on the flooding performance of monoliths have been investigated in detail. In addition to the channel size and the void fraction of the monolith itself, the flooding limits are strongly impacted by inlet and outlet effects of the reactor bed as well as the stacking of monolith segments. Solutions to overcome these additional hydraulic restrictions, based on stacking slices of high-void-fraction monoliths with strategic step changes in cell density, are identified and evaluated. Implementation of the improvements allowed for the countercurrent operation of monoliths with a channel size as small as 1.25 mm even when a high-surface-tension liquid (water) is used. With the enhanced configurations, flooding experiments over a wide range of channel geometries of single and multiple monoliths were performed. Results from small-scale testing are in fair agreement with those obtained from the large-diameter tests, indicating a good scale-up behavior of the technology. The flooding limits are c...

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12 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Prediction of the onset of flooding in an inclined tube at cryogenic temperatures

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Xiaobin Zhang¹, Lei Yao¹, Jun-Zhu Chen¹, Weidong Zhang¹, Wei Xiong¹, Xuzhao Zhang¹, Limin Qiu¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

Zhejiang University¹

01 May 2014-Cryogenics

TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical model for the critical relative velocity of the interfacial instability was derived based on the linear stability analysis, in which the pressure disturbances in both directions were taken into account.

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11 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Experimental and modelling studies of gas–liquid vertical annular flow through a diverging section

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S. Anupriya¹, Sreenivas Jayanti¹•Institutions (1)

Indian Institute of Technology Madras¹

01 Dec 2014-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the equilibrium annular flow model and an empirically determined expansion pressure loss coefficient for the prediction of the pressure variation across the diverging section, which was found to vary systematically with the diameter ratio, the angle of the expansion and the ratio of superficial liquid-to-gas Reynolds numbers.

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11 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Flooding in small-scale passages

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S. Fiedler¹, B. Thonon, Hein Auracher¹•Institutions (1)

Technical University of Berlin¹

01 Jul 2002-Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

TL;DR: Experimental flooding data are compiled that have been obtained by various authors in six recent investigations on reflux condensation as well as on adiabatic countercurrent gas-liquid flow in different vertical small-scale passages as discussed by the authors.

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11 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Prediction of the slug-to-churn flow transition in vertical two-phase flow

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Sreenivas Jayanti¹, Geoffrey F. Hewitt¹•Institutions (1)

Imperial College London¹

01 Nov 1992-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this paper, an assessment of the various viewpoints on the slug-to-churn flow transition in vertical upward flow in the light of recent experimental results obtained at Harwell Laboratory is made.

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173 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Flooding in tubes and annuli

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H.J. Richter¹•Institutions (1)

Dartmouth College¹

01 Dec 1981-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this article, a new flooding correlation is presented which solves the obvious contradiction between the Wallis correlation and the study by Pushkina and Sorokin concerning the scaling question at zero penetration of liquid.

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146 citations

"Effect of tube diameter on flooding..." refers methods in this paper

...Richter (1981) and Jayanti et al. (1996) suggested, based on dierent arguments, that the Wallis-type correlation would work well in small diameter tubes and the Kutateladze-type in large diameter tubes....
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Book Chapter•DOI•

A critical review of the flooding literature

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S. George Bankoff¹, Sang Chun Lee¹•Institutions (1)

Northwestern University¹

01 Jan 1986-Multiphase Science and Technology

TL;DR: In the absence of electromagnetic force fields, thermocapillary effects or concentration-capillary effects, countercurrent flow can be sustained only as a result of the difference in the gravitational force per unit volume on the gas and on the liquid as discussed by the authors.

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Abstract: Countercurrent flow of a gas and a liquid in direct contact with each other is, of necessity, gravity dominated. That is, in the absence of electromagnetic force fields, thermocapillary effects, or concentration-capillary effects, countercurrent flow can be sustained only as a result of the difference in the gravitational force per unit volume on the gas and on the liquid. If the gas and liquid are simultaneously introduced into a porous medium or into a vertical or inclined pipe, the gas tends to rise relative to the liquid. If conditions allow complete separation, it is possible to maintain steady countercurrent flow in which the liquid discharges at the bottom while the gas flows out from the top. The countercurrent flow is opposed by interfacial friction between the phases, which always seems to increase monotonically as the relative countercurrent mean velocity of the phases increases. Hence, for a given geometry and liquid-gas pair, there is a maximum relative velocity that can be sustained in countercurrent flow. This point is known as the onset of flooding. Further increases in gas or liquid input ratas result in only partial delivery of the liquid out of the bottom. Eventually, if the gas velocity becomes sufficiently high, none of the liquid is delivered at the bottom, and fully cocurrent upward flow is established. If the liquid is being introduced from an upper plenum, none will penetrate into the pipe or porous medium when this second critical gas velocity is reached.

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117 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Air-water countercurrent annular flow

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D. Bharathan, Graham B. Wallis¹•Institutions (1)

Dartmouth College¹

01 Sep 1979-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of tube end geometries on measured countercurrent fluxes, liquid fraction, and pressure gradients, and analogies between countercurrent gas-liquid flow and other more familiar flows in internal geometry are indicated.

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108 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Flooding and churn flow in vertical pipes

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A.H. Govan, Geoffrey F. Hewitt, H.J. Richter, A. Scott

01 Jan 1991-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this paper, a 32 mm dia vertical pipe with various forms of liquid outlet, namely a porous wall, a tapered outlet, and a square-edged outlet, was used to investigate the effect of churn flow on the penetration rate.

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103 citations

"Effect of tube diameter on flooding..." refers background or methods in this paper

...For example, McQuillan et al. (1985) and Govan et al. (1991) , among others, used slight depressurization , of the order of 0.05 bar, to induce ¯ooding while others such as Dukler and Smith (1982) and Zabaras and Dukler (1988) induced ¯ooding by gradually increasing the air ¯ow rate....
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...It is generally believed (Suzuki and Ueda, 1977; McQuillan et al., 1985; Govan et al., 1991) that ¯ooding occurs when large waves, formed near the liquid outlet, are swept upwards by the gas phase....
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...In some cases, this discrepancy can be attributed to the inlet and outlet conditions for the gas and liquid phases (Govan et al., 1991), however, the experiments of International Journal of Multiphase Flow 27 (2001) 797±816 www.elsevier.com/locate/ijmul¯ow Biage (1989) showed that even with smooth…...
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...The ®rst mechanism, namely, upward transport of ring-type waves, has been observed, among others, by Suzuki and Ueda (1977), McQuillan et al. (1985) and Govan et al. (1991)....
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...As a modi®cation to (ii) above, Govan et al. (1991) de®ned ¯ooding as the point at which liquid appeared (and not necessarily carried away by the gas stream) above the liquid injection point....
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