Effect of tube diameter on flooding

doi:10.1016/S0301-9322(00)00045-8

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Effect of tube diameter on flooding

Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of tube diameter on flooding

M. Vijayan¹, Sreenivas Jayanti¹, A.R. Balakrishnan¹•Institutions (1)

Indian Institutes of Technology¹

01 May 2001-International Journal of Multiphase Flow (Pergamon)-Vol. 27, Iss: 5, pp 797-816

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of tube diameter on the mechanism of flooding in vertical gas-liquid countercurrent annular flow was investigated. But the results indicated that the mechanism was qualitatively different in the small and the large diameter test sections.

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About: This article is published in International Journal of Multiphase Flow.The article was published on 2001-05-01. It has received 56 citations till now.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Counter-current gas-liquid flow in a vertical narrow channel—Liquid film characteristics and flooding phenomena

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E. I. P. Drosos¹, Spiros V. Paras¹, Anastasios J. Karabelas¹•Institutions (1)

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki¹

01 Jan 2006-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation of gas-liquid counter-current flow in a vertical rectangular channel with 10 mm gap, at rather short distances from liquid entry, is reported.

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72 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The effect of pipe diameter on the structure of gas/liquid flow in vertical pipes

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R. Kaji¹, Barry J. Azzopardi¹•Institutions (1)

University of Nottingham¹

01 Apr 2010-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of pipe diameter on flow characteristics of two-phase flow is investigated from various aspects, particularly focusing on the periodic structures of twophase flow, and it is found that the suggested value of Pearce coefficient 0.8 is reasonable for lower liquid flow rates but becomes insufficient for higher liquid flow rate.

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63 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Experimental constraints on the outgassing dynamics of basaltic magmas

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Laura Pioli¹, Costanza Bonadonna¹, Barry J. Azzopardi², Jeremy C. Phillips³, Maurizio Ripepe⁴ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (4)

University of Geneva¹, University of Nottingham², University of Bristol³, University of Florence⁴

01 Mar 2012-Journal of Geophysical Research

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the dynamics of separated two-phase flow of basaltic magmas in cylindrical conduits and calculated vesicularity and pressure gradient for a range of gas superficial velocities (volume flow rates/pipe area, 10−2-102 m/s).

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Abstract: [1] The dynamics of separated two-phase flow of basaltic magmas in cylindrical conduits has been explored combining large-scale experiments and theoretical studies. Experiments consisted of the continuous injection of air into water or glucose syrup in a 0.24 m diameter, 6.5 m long bubble column. The model calculates vesicularity and pressure gradient for a range of gas superficial velocities (volume flow rates/pipe area, 10−2–102 m/s), conduit diameters (100–2 m), and magma viscosities (3–300 Pa s). The model is calibrated with the experimental results to extrapolate key flow parameters such as Co (distribution parameter) and Froude number, which control the maximum vesicularity of the magma in the column, and the gas rise speed of gas slugs. It predicts that magma vesicularity increases with increasing gas volume flow rate and decreases with increasing conduit diameter, until a threshold value (45 vol.%), which characterizes churn and annular flow regimes. Transition to annular flow regimes is expected to occur at minimum gas volume flow rates of 103–104 m3/s. The vertical pressure gradient decreases with increasing gas flow rates and is controlled by magma vesicularity (in bubbly flows) or the length and spacing of gas slugs. This study also shows that until conditions for separated flow are met, increases in magma viscosity favor stability of slug flow over bubbly flow but suggests coexistence between gas slugs and small bubbles, which contribute to a small fraction of the total gas outflux. Gas flow promotes effective convection of the liquid, favoring magma homogeneity and stable conditions.

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45 citations

Cites background from "Effect of tube diameter on flooding..."

...properties, bubble coalescence, liquid and gas entrainment, but also the entrance conditions at the bottom of the pipe [Lucas et al., 2005; Delnoij et al., 1997; Kozma, 1995; Vijayan et al., 2001]....
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...…controlling the two-phase flow patterns are the liquid and gas fluxes, conduit geometry, liquid properties, bubble coalescence, liquid and gas entrainment, but also the entrance conditions at the bottom of the pipe [Lucas et al., 2005; Delnoij et al., 1997; Kozma, 1995; Vijayan et al., 2001]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Computational Approach to Characterize the Mass Transfer between the Counter‐Current Gas‐Liquid Flow

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Yuanyuan Xu¹, S. Paschke², Jens-Uwe Repke², Jingqi Yuan¹, Günter Wozny² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University¹, Technical University of Berlin²

01 Aug 2009-Chemical Engineering & Technology

TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional CFD model that considers the local absorption and the local momentum transfer mechanism is developed for a film flow on a small plate with a counter-current gas flow.

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Abstract: Structured packed columns are widely used in the chemical industry for distillation and absorption. However, the understanding of the transfer mechanism behind the counter-current gas-liquid flow in structured packed columns is still limited. In this work, a three-dimensional CFD model that considers the local absorption and the local momentum transfer mechanism is developed for a film flow on a small plate with a counter-current gas flow. The model, based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, is built up on the basis of a pressure drop model and the penetration theory to quantitatively investigate the instantaneous hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of the liquid phase. Simulations and experiments are carried out for a system consisting of propane and toluene. A comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data for the outlet concentrations shows good agreement.

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42 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Countercurrent Flow Limitation at the Junction between the Surge Line and the Pressurizer of a PWR

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Taiga Doi, Takashi Futatsugi, Michio Murase, Kosuke Hayashi, Shigeo Hosokawa, Akio Tomiyama - Show less +2 more

05 Apr 2012-Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of upper tank geometry and water levels in the upper and lower tanks on CCFL characteristics were investigated for air-water two-phase flows at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

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Abstract: An experimental study on countercurrent flow limitation (CCFL) in vertical pipes is carried out. Effects of upper tank geometry and water levels in the upper and lower tanks on CCFL characteristics are investigated for air-water two-phase flows at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) CCFL characteristics for different pipe diameters are well correlated using the Kutateladze number if the tank geometry and the water levels are the same; (2) CCFL occurs at the junction between the pipe and the upper tank both for the rectangular and cylindrical tanks, and CCFL with the cylindrical tank occurs not only at the junction but also inside the pipe at high gas flow rates and small pipe diameters; (3) the flow rate of water entering into the vertical pipe at the junction to the rectangular upper tank is lower than that to the cylindrical tank because of the presence of low frequency first-mode sloshing in the rectangular tank; (4) increases in the water level in the upper tank and in the air volume in the lower tank increase water penetration into the pipe, and therefore, they mitigate the flow limitation.

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25 citations

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References

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Air-water countercurrent annular flow

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D. Bharathan

01 Sep 1979

101 citations

Additional excerpts

...Among the semi-empirical correlations, they found that the correlation of Bharathan et al. (1978) performed the best with a weighted error of 35% 2f w U Ã2 L 1 À a 2 2f i U Ã2 G a 2:5 1 À a; 9 f i f w 14:61 À a 1:87 ; f w 0:005: 10 In view of these recommendations, the data…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Behaviour of liquid films and flooding in counter-current two-phase flow—Part 1. Flow in circular tubes

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S. Suzuki¹, Tatsuhiro Ueda¹•Institutions (1)

University of Tokyo¹

01 Dec 1977-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this paper, experimental results were presented on the flooding gas velocity in tubes over a wide range of parameters, including tube diameter, tube length, liquid flow rate, liquid viscosity and surface tension.

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72 citations

"Effect of tube diameter on flooding..." refers background in this paper

...Hewitt et al. (1965), Suzuki and Ueda (1977) and McQuillan et al. (1985) reported that the gas velocity required for ¯ooding increases at the same liquid ¯ow rate as the test section length decreases....
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...It is generally believed (Suzuki and Ueda, 1977; McQuillan et al., 1985; Govan et al., 1991) that ¯ooding occurs when large waves, formed near the liquid outlet, are swept upwards by the gas phase....
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...The ®rst mechanism, namely, upward transport of ring-type waves, has been observed, among others, by Suzuki and Ueda (1977), McQuillan et al. (1985) and Govan et al. (1991)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The effect of viscosity on the flooding conditions in wetted wall columns

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Roland Clift¹, C.L. Pritchard¹, R.M. Nedderman¹•Institutions (1)

University of Cambridge¹

01 Jan 1966-Chemical Engineering Science

TL;DR: The gas velocities for flooding in a wetted wall column have been measured as a function of liquid viscosity and flow rate as mentioned in this paper, and they were found to be somewhat higher than those predicted by D avidson and S hearer.

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71 citations

"Effect of tube diameter on flooding..." refers background in this paper

...In addition to this, it is sometimes claimed (Clift et al., 1966; Zabaras and Dukler, 1988) that the down ¯ow rate in the post-¯ooding regime is constant and that the liquid down ¯ow rate at the ¯ooding point is the maximum possible down ¯ow rate for a given gas ¯ow rate....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Flooding in vertical two-phase flow

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K.W. McQuillan¹, P.B. Whalley¹, Geoffrey F. Hewitt•Institutions (1)

University of Oxford¹

01 Nov 1985-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a series of experiments to observe and photograph the flooding process and show that flooding occurs as a result of the formation and motion of a large disturbance wave on the surface of the liquid film.

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69 citations

"Effect of tube diameter on flooding..." refers background in this paper

...Hewitt et al. (1965), Suzuki and Ueda (1977) and McQuillan et al. (1985) reported that the gas velocity required for ¯ooding increases at the same liquid ¯ow rate as the test section length decreases....
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...For example, McQuillan et al. (1985) and Govan et al. (1991) , among others, used slight depressurization , of the order of 0.05 bar, to induce ¯ooding while others such as Dukler and Smith (1982) and Zabaras and Dukler (1988) induced ¯ooding by gradually increasing the air ¯ow rate....
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...It is generally believed (Suzuki and Ueda, 1977; McQuillan et al., 1985; Govan et al., 1991) that ¯ooding occurs when large waves, formed near the liquid outlet, are swept upwards by the gas phase....
[...]
...The ®rst mechanism, namely, upward transport of ring-type waves, has been observed, among others, by Suzuki and Ueda (1977), McQuillan et al. (1985) and Govan et al. (1991)....
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...…and Fr and Bo are the Froude number and the Bond number, respectively, and are de®ned as Fr Q L g 0:25 q L À q G 0:75 r 0:75 ; 7 Bo D 2 q L À q G g r : 8 McQuillan et al. (1985) proposed an improved version of the correlation to take account of viscosity of liquids Ku G 0:268Bo…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Theoretical investigation of the diameter effect on flooding in countercurrent flow

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Sreenivas Jayanti¹, A. Tokarz, Geoffrey F. Hewitt²•Institutions (2)

Indian Institute of Technology Madras¹, Imperial College London²

01 Apr 1996-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this article, the CFDS-FLOW3D computational fluid dynamics code is used to determine the force exerted on a standing wave by gas flowing over it, and it is found that the drag on the wave is mainly due to the pressure variation around it and that it is a strong function of the channel dimensions.

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62 citations

"Effect of tube diameter on flooding..." refers background or methods in this paper

...The results indicate that there is indeed a strong eect of tube diameter on ¯ooding, but in a way that was not foreseen by Jayanti et al. (1996) in their theoretical study....
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...Richter (1981) and Jayanti et al. (1996) suggested, based on dierent arguments, that the Wallis-type correlation would work well in small diameter tubes and the Kutateladze-type in large diameter tubes....
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...The mechanism proposed by Jayanti et al. (1996) appears plausible but it is based, not on experimental observations, but on estimates of drag forces on assumed wave shapes on a falling ®lm....
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...In a recent theoretical study, Jayanti et al. (1996) adduced the tube diameter as the determining factor in the way that ¯ooding occurs....
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