Effect of tube diameter on flooding

doi:10.1016/S0301-9322(00)00045-8

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Effect of tube diameter on flooding

Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of tube diameter on flooding

M. Vijayan¹, Sreenivas Jayanti¹, A.R. Balakrishnan¹•Institutions (1)

Indian Institutes of Technology¹

01 May 2001-International Journal of Multiphase Flow (Pergamon)-Vol. 27, Iss: 5, pp 797-816

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of tube diameter on the mechanism of flooding in vertical gas-liquid countercurrent annular flow was investigated. But the results indicated that the mechanism was qualitatively different in the small and the large diameter test sections.

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About: This article is published in International Journal of Multiphase Flow.The article was published on 2001-05-01. It has received 56 citations till now.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Counter-current gas-liquid flow in a vertical narrow channel—Liquid film characteristics and flooding phenomena

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E. I. P. Drosos¹, Spiros V. Paras¹, Anastasios J. Karabelas¹•Institutions (1)

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki¹

01 Jan 2006-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation of gas-liquid counter-current flow in a vertical rectangular channel with 10 mm gap, at rather short distances from liquid entry, is reported.

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72 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The effect of pipe diameter on the structure of gas/liquid flow in vertical pipes

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R. Kaji¹, Barry J. Azzopardi¹•Institutions (1)

University of Nottingham¹

01 Apr 2010-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of pipe diameter on flow characteristics of two-phase flow is investigated from various aspects, particularly focusing on the periodic structures of twophase flow, and it is found that the suggested value of Pearce coefficient 0.8 is reasonable for lower liquid flow rates but becomes insufficient for higher liquid flow rate.

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63 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Experimental constraints on the outgassing dynamics of basaltic magmas

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Laura Pioli¹, Costanza Bonadonna¹, Barry J. Azzopardi², Jeremy C. Phillips³, Maurizio Ripepe⁴ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (4)

University of Geneva¹, University of Nottingham², University of Bristol³, University of Florence⁴

01 Mar 2012-Journal of Geophysical Research

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the dynamics of separated two-phase flow of basaltic magmas in cylindrical conduits and calculated vesicularity and pressure gradient for a range of gas superficial velocities (volume flow rates/pipe area, 10−2-102 m/s).

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Abstract: [1] The dynamics of separated two-phase flow of basaltic magmas in cylindrical conduits has been explored combining large-scale experiments and theoretical studies. Experiments consisted of the continuous injection of air into water or glucose syrup in a 0.24 m diameter, 6.5 m long bubble column. The model calculates vesicularity and pressure gradient for a range of gas superficial velocities (volume flow rates/pipe area, 10−2–102 m/s), conduit diameters (100–2 m), and magma viscosities (3–300 Pa s). The model is calibrated with the experimental results to extrapolate key flow parameters such as Co (distribution parameter) and Froude number, which control the maximum vesicularity of the magma in the column, and the gas rise speed of gas slugs. It predicts that magma vesicularity increases with increasing gas volume flow rate and decreases with increasing conduit diameter, until a threshold value (45 vol.%), which characterizes churn and annular flow regimes. Transition to annular flow regimes is expected to occur at minimum gas volume flow rates of 103–104 m3/s. The vertical pressure gradient decreases with increasing gas flow rates and is controlled by magma vesicularity (in bubbly flows) or the length and spacing of gas slugs. This study also shows that until conditions for separated flow are met, increases in magma viscosity favor stability of slug flow over bubbly flow but suggests coexistence between gas slugs and small bubbles, which contribute to a small fraction of the total gas outflux. Gas flow promotes effective convection of the liquid, favoring magma homogeneity and stable conditions.

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45 citations

Cites background from "Effect of tube diameter on flooding..."

...properties, bubble coalescence, liquid and gas entrainment, but also the entrance conditions at the bottom of the pipe [Lucas et al., 2005; Delnoij et al., 1997; Kozma, 1995; Vijayan et al., 2001]....
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...…controlling the two-phase flow patterns are the liquid and gas fluxes, conduit geometry, liquid properties, bubble coalescence, liquid and gas entrainment, but also the entrance conditions at the bottom of the pipe [Lucas et al., 2005; Delnoij et al., 1997; Kozma, 1995; Vijayan et al., 2001]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Computational Approach to Characterize the Mass Transfer between the Counter‐Current Gas‐Liquid Flow

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Yuanyuan Xu¹, S. Paschke², Jens-Uwe Repke², Jingqi Yuan¹, Günter Wozny² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University¹, Technical University of Berlin²

01 Aug 2009-Chemical Engineering & Technology

TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional CFD model that considers the local absorption and the local momentum transfer mechanism is developed for a film flow on a small plate with a counter-current gas flow.

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Abstract: Structured packed columns are widely used in the chemical industry for distillation and absorption. However, the understanding of the transfer mechanism behind the counter-current gas-liquid flow in structured packed columns is still limited. In this work, a three-dimensional CFD model that considers the local absorption and the local momentum transfer mechanism is developed for a film flow on a small plate with a counter-current gas flow. The model, based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, is built up on the basis of a pressure drop model and the penetration theory to quantitatively investigate the instantaneous hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of the liquid phase. Simulations and experiments are carried out for a system consisting of propane and toluene. A comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data for the outlet concentrations shows good agreement.

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42 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Countercurrent Flow Limitation at the Junction between the Surge Line and the Pressurizer of a PWR

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Taiga Doi, Takashi Futatsugi, Michio Murase, Kosuke Hayashi, Shigeo Hosokawa, Akio Tomiyama - Show less +2 more

05 Apr 2012-Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of upper tank geometry and water levels in the upper and lower tanks on CCFL characteristics were investigated for air-water two-phase flows at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

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Abstract: An experimental study on countercurrent flow limitation (CCFL) in vertical pipes is carried out. Effects of upper tank geometry and water levels in the upper and lower tanks on CCFL characteristics are investigated for air-water two-phase flows at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) CCFL characteristics for different pipe diameters are well correlated using the Kutateladze number if the tank geometry and the water levels are the same; (2) CCFL occurs at the junction between the pipe and the upper tank both for the rectangular and cylindrical tanks, and CCFL with the cylindrical tank occurs not only at the junction but also inside the pipe at high gas flow rates and small pipe diameters; (3) the flow rate of water entering into the vertical pipe at the junction to the rectangular upper tank is lower than that to the cylindrical tank because of the presence of low frequency first-mode sloshing in the rectangular tank; (4) increases in the water level in the upper tank and in the air volume in the lower tank increase water penetration into the pipe, and therefore, they mitigate the flow limitation.

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25 citations

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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Countercurrent gas‐liquid annular flow, including the flooding state

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George John Zabaras¹, A. E. Dukler¹•Institutions (1)

University of Houston¹

01 Mar 1988-Aiche Journal

TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of the wavy interface on a falling liquid film is studied for conditions of countercurrent gas flow in order to investigate mechanisms for flooding, and it is shown that under all conditions, including flooding, the waves propagate only downward and are never of such amplitude as to bridge the tube.

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Abstract: The structure of the wavy interface on a falling liquid film is studied for conditions of countercurrent gas flow in order to investigate mechanisms for flooding. Measurements taken just below the liquid feed and at 1.7 m down the tube show that under all conditions, including flooding, the waves propagate only downward and are never of such amplitude as to bridge the tube. These observations are in contrast to speculations in the literature that upward flow of waves or bridging of liquid due to waves cause flooding. In the mechanism suggested, flooding is due to flow reversal in the film just at the liquid entry.

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49 citations

"Effect of tube diameter on flooding..." refers background or methods in this paper

...For example, McQuillan et al. (1985) and Govan et al. (1991) , among others, used slight depressurization , of the order of 0.05 bar, to induce ¯ooding while others such as Dukler and Smith (1982) and Zabaras and Dukler (1988) induced ¯ooding by gradually increasing the air ¯ow rate....
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...However, recent experiments involving careful measurements of the ®lm thickness (Zabaras and Dukler, 1988; Biage, 1989) did not reveal the presence of these upward-moving waves at the ¯ooding point....
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...In addition to this, it is sometimes claimed (Clift et al., 1966; Zabaras and Dukler, 1988) that the down ¯ow rate in the post-¯ooding regime is constant and that the liquid down ¯ow rate at the ¯ooding point is the maximum possible down ¯ow rate for a given gas ¯ow rate....
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...This would explain the absence of upward-moving waves in the experiments of Zabaras and Dukler (1988), who used a test section diameter of 50.8 mm....
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...The third mechanism, i.e., carryover in churn-like liquid ¯ow at the inlet has been observed indirectly by Zabaras and Dukler (1988) and Biage (1989)....
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Flooding and associated phenomena in falling film flow in a tube

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G.F. Hewitt, G.B. Wallis

01 May 1963

TL;DR: In this article, a falling water film was set up in a vertical 1.25-in.bore acrylic resin tube using porous sections for introducing and extracting the liquid, and the air flow rate required to carry liquid up beyond the injector (the flooding point'') was determined.

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Abstract: A falling water film was set up in a vertical 1.25-in.bore acrylic resin tube using porous sections for introducing and extracting the liquid. Air was passed upwards through the tube, countercurrent to the liquid flow, and the air flow rate required to carry liquid up beyond the injector (the flooding point'') was determined. An empirical relation for flooding rate was obtained. Measurements were made of liquid film thickness, pressure gradient, and interfacial profile for air flows from zero up to the flooding point. High-speed cine films using a special lighting technique gave qualitative information on the flow structure and were analyzed for surface wave velocity. In relating these measured parameters and the flooding phenomena it became obvious that flooding did not occur as a result of reversal of flow under surface shear. It was more likely to be associated with the coarsening of the liquid surface waves leading to the build-up of liquid at the injector and consequent splashing upwards of the liquid. (auth)

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29 citations

"Effect of tube diameter on flooding..." refers background or methods in this paper

...(b) Comparison of the experimental data of the gas velocity at ¯ooding with that predicted by the correlations of Hewitt and Wallis (1963) (thin line) and Sun (1979) (thick line)....
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...…study of the 25 mm diameter tube are predicted well by correlations involving the tube diameter as a signi®cant parameter (for example, those of Hewitt and Wallis, 1963; Alekseev et al., 1972) while the data in the 67 mm tube are predicted well only by the Kutateladze-type of correlation of…...
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...8(a) and (b) with the correlations of Hewitt and Wallis (1963) and of Sun (1979)....
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...(a) Comparison of the experimental data of the gas velocity at ¯ooding with that predicted by the correlations of Hewitt and Wallis (1963) (thin line) and Sun (1979) (thick line)....
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...…into three categories: (i) Correlations of the Wallis-type, where the ¯ooding gas and liquid super®cial velocities are correlated as (Wallis, 1961; Hewitt and Wallis, 1963) U Ã G p C 1 U Ã L p C 2 ; 1 where U Ã G and U Ã L are the dimensionless gas and liquid super®cial…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

The prediction of turbulent flows over roughened surfaces and its application to interpretation of mechanisms of horizontal annular flow

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Sreenivas Jayanti¹, N. S. Wilkes, D. S. Clarke, Geoffrey F. Hewitt•Institutions (1)

Imperial College London¹

08 Oct 1990-Proceedings of The Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used wall functions to account for wall roughness, and verified this approach to compare their predictions with the data of Nikuradse and Hanjalic & Launder.

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Abstract: It is widely believed that the secondary flow mechanism, namely the generation of secondary flow in the gas phase due to circumferentially varying interfacial roughness, plays an important role in the liquid film distribution in horizontal annular flow. We study this mechanism numerically using the HARWELLFLOW 3D computer program. We use wall functions to account for wall roughness, and verify this approach to comparing our predictions with the data of Nikuradse and Hanjalic & Launder. We then apply the methodology to the prediction of secondary flow in a pipe subjected to differential wall roughness, and show that the contribution of the secondary flow in the gas is hitherto overestimated by up to an order of magnitude.

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29 citations

"Effect of tube diameter on flooding..." refers methods in this paper

...The temporal variation of the ®lm thickness was measured using two-pin type of conductance probes (Hewitt, 1982; Jayanti et al., 1990), but these are not discussed in the present paper....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Experimental study of the effect of pipe length and pipe-end geometry on flooding

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Ji Hwan Jeong¹, Hee Cheon No¹•Institutions (1)

KAIST¹

01 Jun 1996-International Journal of Multiphase Flow

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of end geometry on flooding is experimentally investigated and it is shown that the effect is small in the range of low liquid flow rates but becomes significant as the liquid flow rate increases.

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28 citations