Effect of welding processes and conditions on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel weldments—A review
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of welding processes and conditions on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels and its various combinations on the basis of structure-property co-relationship are systematically highlighted.
About: This article is published in Journal of Manufacturing Processes.The article was published on 2017-01-01. It has received 219 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Electric resistance welding & Welding.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) based Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process to build two parts, tube and wall from 2209 Duplex Stainless Steel.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the dissimilar welded joint's microstructure and mechanical behavior, and the effect of intermetallic phases such as sigma phase, FCC carbides like (M23C6, M6C, and M7C3), laves phase, R and χ-phase, Z-phase on the mechanical property of dissimilar welding joints of each material are reviewed in detail.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of welding current on the depth of penetration and depth to width (D/W) ratio of Inconel 718 and S.S. 316L by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process.
63 citations
TL;DR: Non-destructive tests and metallographic examinations showed that the welded joints meet the acceptance criteria for B level in accordance with EN ISO 13919–1 standard, and the results of the destructive tests confirmed the high quality of the joints.
Abstract: This study presents results of experimental tests on quality of dissimilar welded joints between 316L austenitic and 2304 lean duplex stainless steels, welded without ceramic backing. Fiber laser welded butt joints at a thickness of 8 mm were subjected to non-destructive testing (visual and penetrant), destructive testing (static tensile test, bending test, and microhardness measurements) and structure observations (macro- and microscopic examinations, SEM, element distribution characteristics, and ferrite content measurements). Non-destructive tests and metallographic examinations showed that the welded joints meet the acceptance criteria for B level in accordance with EN ISO 13919–1 standard. Also the results of the destructive tests confirmed the high quality of the joints: specimens were fractured in base material with lower strength—316L austenitic stainless steel and a 180° bending angle was obtained confirming the high plasticity of the joints. Microscopic examination, SEM and EDS analysis showed the distribution of alloying elements in joints. The microhardness of the autogenous weld metal was higher by about 20 HV0.2 than that of the lean duplex steel. Ferrite content in the root was about 37% higher than in the face of the weld. The Schaeffler phase diagram was used to predict the phase composition of the welded joints and sufficient compliance with the magnetic method was found. The presented procedure can be used for welding of 316L–2304 stainless steels dissimilar welded joints of 8 mm thickness without ceramic backing.
59 citations
Cites background from "Effect of welding processes and con..."
...Guidelines for welding duplex steels can be found in scientific reports [17,19], regulations and standards, e....
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TL;DR: In this article, the laser shock peening (LSP) is used as a post weld treatment method for improving weld quality over different conventional methods of post weld treatments, which may help in the commercialization of LSP which is considered a challenge till date.
55 citations
References
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Book•
01 Apr 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce phase diagrams and constitution diagrams for welding of stainless steel welds, as well as a Weldability Testing Appendix 1: Nominal Compositions of Stainless Steels Appendix 2: Etching Techniques for Stainless Steel Welds Author Index Subject Index
Abstract: Preface 1 Introduction 2 Phase Diagrams 3 Alloying Elements and Constitution Diagrams 4 Martensitic Stainless Steels 5 Ferritic Stainless Steels 6 Austenitic Stainless Steels 7 Duplex Stainless Steels 8 Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels 9 Dissimilar Welding of Stainless Steels 10 Weldability Testing Appendix 1: Nominal Compositions of Stainless Steels Appendix 2: Etching Techniques for Stainless Steel Welds Author Index Subject Index
1,086 citations
TL;DR: Friction stir welding (FSW) is a widely used solid state joining process for soft materials such as aluminium alloys because it avoids many of the common problems of fusion welding as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Friction stir welding (FSW) is a widely used solid state joining process for soft materials such as aluminium alloys because it avoids many of the common problems of fusion welding. Commercial feasibility of the FSW process for harder alloys such as steels and titanium alloys awaits the development of cost effective and durable tools which lead to structurally sound welds consistently. Material selection and design profoundly affect the performance of tools, weld quality and cost. Here we review and critically examine several important aspects of FSW tools such as tool material selection, geometry and load bearing ability, mechanisms of tool degradation and process economics.
624 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a non-destructive testing of welds for service experience, based on the application of service experience in metallurgy and metallurgical applications.
Abstract: Developments, grades and specifications Alloy design Microstructure Forming and machining Physical and mechanical properties Corrosion Stress corrosion cracking Welding metallurgy Welding processes Weld properties Non-destructive testing of welds Applications Service experience.
449 citations
15 Oct 2003-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, a low heat input process viz., EBW and another commonly employed process, gas tungsten-arc welding have been employed for welding of duplex stainless steels with and without nickel enhancement.
Abstract: The excellent combination of strength and corrosion resistance in duplex stainless steels (DSS) is due to their strict composition control and microstructural balance. The ferrite–austenite ratio is often upset in DSS weld metals owing to the rapid cooling rates associated with welding. To achieve the desired ferrite–austenite balance and hence properties, either the weld metal composition and/or the heat input is controlled. In the current work, a low heat input process viz., EBW and another commonly employed process, gas tungsten-arc welding have been employed for welding of DSS with and without nickel enhancement. Results show that (i) chemical composition has got a greater influence on the ferrite–austenite ratio than the cooling rate, (ii) and even EBW which is considered an immature process in welding of DSS, can be employed provided means of filler addition could be devised.
404 citations