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Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of working fluids on organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery

01 Jun 2004-Energy (Elsevier Limited)-Vol. 29, Iss: 8, pp 1207-1217
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the performance of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) subjected to the influence of working fluids is presented, which reveals that the thermal efficiency for various working fluid is a weak function of the critical temperature.
About: This article is published in Energy.The article was published on 2004-06-01. It has received 744 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Organic Rankine cycle & Waste heat recovery unit.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the different ORC applications is presented in this paper, and an in-depth analysis of the technical challenges related to the technology, such as working fluid selection and expansion machine issues, is reported.
Abstract: New heat conversion technologies need to be developed and improved to take advantage of the necessary increase in the supply of renewable energy. The Organic Rankine Cycle is well suited for these applications, mainly because of its ability to recover low-grade heat and the possibility to be implemented in decentralized lower-capacity power plants. In this paper, an overview of the different ORC applications is presented. A market review is proposed including cost figures for several commercial ORC modules and manufacturers. An in-depth analysis of the technical challenges related to the technology, such as working fluid selection and expansion machine issues is then reported. Technological constraints and optimization methods are extensively described and discussed. Finally, the current trends in research and development for the next generation of Organic Rankine Cycles are presented.

1,219 citations


Cites background from "Effect of working fluids on organic..."

  • ...Many studies [38,39,41,43,46,48,50–56] recommend the fluid with the highest critical temperature, which might suggest that the plant efficiency could be further improved by selecting even higher critical point working fluids [40]....

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  • ...[40] WHR 30 150–200 HCFC-123, iso-pentane, HFE 7100, Benzene Toluene, p-xylene Benzene, Toluene, HCFC-123...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the organic Rankine cycle and supercritical Rankine Cycle for the conversion of low-grade heat into electrical power, as well as selection criteria of potential working fluids, screening of 35 working fluids for the two cycles and analyses of the influence of fluid properties on cycle performance are presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a review of the organic Rankine cycle and supercritical Rankine cycle for the conversion of low-grade heat into electrical power, as well as selection criteria of potential working fluids, screening of 35 working fluids for the two cycles and analyses of the influence of fluid properties on cycle performance. The thermodynamic and physical properties, stability, environmental impacts, safety and compatibility, and availability and cost are among the important considerations when selecting a working fluid. The paper discusses the types of working fluids, influence of latent heat, density and specific heat, and the effectiveness of superheating. A discussion of the 35 screened working fluids is also presented.

1,215 citations


Cites background from "Effect of working fluids on organic..."

  • ...[62]....

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  • ...derived an expression to compute j, which is: [62]...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of pure and mixture working fluids' applications and a discussion of all types of expansion machines' operating characteristics for an effective organic Rankine cycle system is presented.
Abstract: How to effectively utilize low and medium temperature energy is one of the solutions to alleviate the energy shortage and environmental pollution problems. In the past twenty years, because of its feasibility and reliability, organic Rankine cycle has received widespread attentions and researches. In this paper, it reviews the selections of working fluids and expanders for organic Rankine cycle, including an analysis of the influence of working fluids' category and their thermodynamic and physical properties on the organic Rankine cycle's performance, a summary of pure and mixed working fluids' screening researches for organic Rankine cycle, a comparison of pure and mixture working fluids' applications and a discussion of all types of expansion machines' operating characteristics, which would be beneficial to select the optimal working fluid and suitable expansion machine for an effective organic Rankine cycle system.

1,101 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) machine is similar to a conventional steam cycle energy conversion system, but uses an organic fluid such as refrigerants and hydrocarbons instead of water as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) machine is similar to a conventional steam cycle energy conversion system, but uses an organic fluid such as refrigerants and hydrocarbons instead of water. In recent years, research was intensified on this device as it is being progressively adopted as premier technology to convert low-temperature heat resources into power. Available heat resources are: solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass products, surface seawater, and waste heat from various thermal processes. This paper presents existing applications and analyzes their maturity. Binary geothermal and binary biomass CHP are already mature. Provided the interest to recover waste heat rejected by thermal devices and industrial processes continue to grow, and favorable legislative conditions are adopted, waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle systems in the near future will experience a rapid growth. Solar modular power plants are being intensely investigated at smaller scale for cogeneration applications in buildings but larger plants are also expected in tropical or Sahel regions with constant and low solar radiation intensity. OTEC power plants operating mainly on offshore installations at very low temperature have been advertised as total resource systems and interest on this technology is growing in large isolated islands.

1,058 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, theoretical performances as well as thermodynamic and environmental properties of few fluids have been comparatively assessed for use in low-temperature solar organic Rankine cycle systems.

730 citations


Cites background from "Effect of working fluids on organic..."

  • ...[16] studied and analyzed the performance of ORCs for waste heat recovery....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate physical properties of pure components and Mixtures and show that the properties of these components and mixtures are similar to those of ideal gases and liquids.
Abstract: Chapter 1: The Estimation of Physical Properties. Chapter 2: Pure Component Constants. Chapter 3: Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases. Chapter 4: Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationships of Pure Gases and Liquids. Chapter 5: Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationships of Mixtures. Chapter 6: Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Components and Mixtures. Chapter 7: Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Pure Fluids. Chapter 8: Fluid Phase Equilibria in Multicomponent Systems. Chapter 9: Viscosity. Chapter 10: Thermal Conductivity. Chapter 11: Diffusion Coefficients. Chapter 12: Surface Tension.

14,380 citations

Book
01 Oct 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, conversion factors and mathematical symbols are used to describe conversion factors in physical and chemical data and Mathematical Symbols are used for converting, converting, and utilising conversion factors.
Abstract: Section 1: Conversion Factors and Mathematical Symbols Section 2: Physical and Chemical Data Section 3: Mathematics Section 4: Thermodynamics Section 5: Heat and Mass Transfer Section 6: Fluid and Plastic Dynamics Section 7: Reaction Kinetics Section 8: Process Control Section 9: Process Economics Section 10: Transport and Storage of Fluids Section 11: Heat-Transfer Equipment Section 12: Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying Section 13: Distillation Section 14: Equipment for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation Section 15: Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment Section 16: Adsorption and Ion Exchange Section 17: Gas-Solid Operations and Equipment Section 18: Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment Section 19: Reactors Section 20: Alternative Separation Processes Section 21: Solid-Solid Operations and Processing Section 22: Waste Management Section 23: Process Safety Section 24: Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization Section 25: Materials of Construction Index

10,028 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the efficiencies of ORCs using cryogens such as benzene, ammonia, R11, R12, R134a and R113 as working fluids have been analyzed parametrically and compared.

900 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Tzu-Chen Hung1
TL;DR: In this article, a Rankine cycle using organic fluids as working fluids was investigated in recovering low enthalpy containing heat sources and it was shown that p-Xylene showed the highest efficiency while Benzene showed the lowest.

542 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a high-speed oil free turbogenerator-feed pump is used for ORC-based low temperature heat conversion in high temperature applications, where the output is small.

238 citations