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Journal ArticleDOI

Effective ionic radii and crystal chemistry

R.D. Shannon1, C.T. Prewitt1
01 May 1970-Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry (Pergamon)-Vol. 32, Iss: 5, pp 1427-1441
TL;DR: In this paper, two types of structure stability fields were constructed using effective ionic radii, which can be used to predict the radii of certain cations and the effects of high pressure on structure.
About: This article is published in Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry.The article was published on 1970-05-01. It has received 93 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ionic radius & Valence (chemistry).
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a potential map of perovskites as a tool to classify simple ABO3 perovsite materials according to their electrical conduction behavior is critically reviewed as a structured approach to the search for new cathode materials based on more complex pervskites with A and/or B-site substitutions.
Abstract: This article focuses on perovskite materials for application as cathode material in solid oxide fuel cells. In order to develop new promising materials it is helpful to classify already known perovskite materials according to their properties and to identify certain tendencies. Thereby, composition-dependent structural data and materials properties are considered. Structural data under consideration are the Goldschmidt tolerance factor, which describes the stability of perovskites with respect to other structures, and the critical radius and lattice free volume, which are used as geometrical measures of ionic conductivity. These calculations are based on the ionic radii of the constituent ions and their applicability is discussed. A potential map of perovskites as a tool to classify simple ABO3 perovskite materials according to their electrical conduction behavior is critically reviewed as a structured approach to the search for new cathode materials based on more complex perovskites with A and/or B-site substitutions. This article also covers the approaches used to influence electronic and the ionic conductivity. The advantage of mixed ionic electronic conductors in terms of the oxygen exchange reaction is addressed and their important properties, namely the oxygen-exchange coefficient and the oxygen diffusion coefficient, and their effect on the oxygen reduction reaction are presented.

268 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The square planar Ag(I) ion is a rare ion, with only ∼2% of all reported silver complexes possessing this stereochemistry as discussed by the authors, despite the fact that there are currently around 65 well characterised complexes containing squareplanar Ag (I) ions, about half of which are coordination polymers.

204 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Xu Wu1, Keith Scott1
TL;DR: In this paper, the CuxCo3−xO4 nanoparticles were prepared using a thermal decomposition method, and they were found to be cubic spinel nanoparticles with average size of 20-30 nm.
Abstract: Cu incorporated Co3O4 (CuxCo3−xO4, 0 ≤ x < 1) nanoparticles were prepared using a thermal decomposition method. Properties of the CuxCo3−xO4, such as morphology, particle sizes, crystallite structure and cation distribution, were characterized with SEM, TEM, XRD and EDX. The CuxCo3−xO4 particles, with various x values, were found to be cubic spinel nanoparticles, with average size of 20–30 nm. Incorporation of Cu in the spinel lattice of Co3O4 shifted the Co3+/Co4+ redox peak as well as the onset point for OER to more negative potentials, which may be related to inversion of Cu2+ into the octahedral sites. Amongst all samples studied, Cu0.7Co2.3O4 was the most active for OER. The CuxCo3−xO4 electrodes exhibited satisfying stability during repetitive cyclic voltammetry. A membrane electrode assembly, using 3 mg cm−2 Cu0.7Co2.3O4 on the anode, demonstrated, in an alkaline membrane water electrolyser, a high current density performance of 1 A cm−2 at a voltage of 1.8 V in 1 mol dm−3 KOH at 25 °C.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that AtMTP1 functions as a Zn2+/H+ antiporter in vacuoles and that a histidine-rich region is not essential for zinc transport, and proposes that this loop may be involved in the maintenance of the level of cytoplasmic Zn 2+.

159 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the crystal structures of M + VO 3 (M + = K, NH 4, and Cs) have been refined using three-dimensional counter-diffractometer X-ray data and full-matrix least-squares methods.

137 citations

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