Book•
Effective Policing for 21st-Century Israel
02 Jul 2013-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed, analyzed, and evaluated approaches to address issues of public perceptions and public trust in the police, benchmarking the police against other police organizations, performance measurement, as well as addressing deterrence and crime prevention concerns.
Abstract: This PDF document was made available from rand.org as a public service of the RAND Corporation.
Israel has changed dramatically since its founding, especially in the past two decades. There is a public interest in having the police provide a type and level of service that keeps pace with these changes. Despite relatively low crime rates, the public in Israel still perceives threats to personal security and expresses concern over quality of police service. This research developed, analyzed, and evaluated approaches to address issues of public perceptions and public trust in the police, benchmarking the police against other police organizations, performance measurement, as well as addressing deterrence and crime prevention concerns.
Citations
More filters
Journal Article•
1,081 citations
99 citations
TL;DR: A general method, based on propensity scoring and doubly robust estimation, for constructing benchmarks for assessing the performance of entities within the criminal justice system while properly accounting for potentially confounding differences among the entities is presented.
Abstract: Internal benchmarking is the process of comparing the performance of one entity with the performance of comparison entities. Assessments of the various entities of the criminal justice system, such as police officers, judges, correctional facilities, and neighborhoods, often involve the construction of benchmarks with which to compare their relative performance. However, the typically made comparisons do not adequately account for the underlying differences in these entities. This article presents a general method, based on propensity scoring and doubly robust estimation, for constructing benchmarks for assessing the performance of entities within the criminal justice system while properly accounting for potentially confounding differences among the entities. The article demonstrates the method on an assessment of police performance in Cincinnati.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, how does demographic inclusion in domestic security institutions affect security provision in divided societies, and how police officers rely on information from citizens to identify problems and allocate resources to solve them.
Abstract: How does demographic inclusion in domestic security institutions affect security provision in divided societies? Police officers rely on information from citizens to identify problems and allocate ...
19 citations
11 May 2020
TL;DR: The Future of Warfare series as discussed by the authors examines the most significant trends in factors affecting the use of restraint in warfare that could affect U.S. national security: the spread of lawfare, the widespread distribution of imagery of military operations, the increasing effectiveness of false accusations, and the increasing public concern for civilian casualties.
Abstract: This volume of the Future of Warfare series examines the most significant trends in factors affecting the use of restraint in warfare that could affect U.S. national security: the spread of lawfare, the widespread distribution of imagery of U.S. military operations, the increasing effectiveness of false accusations, and the increasing public concern for civilian casualties.
13 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the applicability of synthetic control methods to comparative case studies and found that, following Proposition 99, tobacco consumption fell markedly in California relative to a comparable synthetic control region, and that by the year 2000 annual per-capita cigarette sales in California were about 26 packs lower than what they would have been in the absence of Proposition 99.
Abstract: Building on an idea in Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003), this article investigates the application of synthetic control methods to comparative case studies. We discuss the advantages of these methods and apply them to study the effects of Proposition 99, a large-scale tobacco control program that California implemented in 1988. We demonstrate that, following Proposition 99, tobacco consumption fell markedly in California relative to a comparable synthetic control region. We estimate that by the year 2000 annual per-capita cigarette sales in California were about 26 packs lower than what they would have been in the absence of Proposition 99. Using new inferential methods proposed in this article, we demonstrate the significance of our estimates. Given that many policy interventions and events of interest in social sciences take place at an aggregate level (countries, regions, cities, etc.) and affect a small number of aggregate units, the potential applicability of synthetic control methods to comparative cas...
2,815 citations
Book•
31 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the effect of agenda-setting on public opinion and the consequences of the agenda-setters' influence on the public opinion of the public.
Abstract: Dedication Title page Copyright page Boxes Preface 1: Influencing Public Opinion Our pictures of the world Contemporary empirical evidence The accumulated evidence Cause and effect A new communication landscape Summing up 2: Reality and the News Idiosyncratic pictures Perspectives on agenda-setting effects Content versus exposure Agenda-setting in past centuries Summing up 3: The Pictures in our Heads Pictures of political candidates Candidate images in national elections Candidate images in local elections Media influence on candidate images Attributes of issues Attributes of environmental issues Media influence on issue attributes Compelling arguments A third level of agenda-setting Attribute agenda-setting and framing Summing up 4: Why Agenda-Setting Occurs Relevance and uncertainty Occurrence of agenda-setting effects Relevance Personal experience with public issues Individual differences, media use and agenda-setting Summing up 5: How Agenda-Setting Works Evolution of issue agendas Explaining the transfer of salience Timeframe for effects Diversity of salience measures Summing up 6: Consequences of Agenda-Setting Priming public opinion Attribute agendas and opinions Forming opinions Attitudes, opinions and behaviour Agenda-setting role of business news Summing up 7: Shaping the Media Agenda The president and the national agenda Subsidizing the media agenda Capturing the media agenda Three election agendas Media agendas in local elections Attributes of local issues Three elements of elections A broader portrait Intermedia agenda-setting Summing up 8: Mass Communication and Society Transmission of culture New agenda-setting arenas Other cultural agendas Concepts, domains, and settings Continuing evolution of agenda-setting theory Epilogue: Media Agenda-Setting and Audience Agenda-Melding Political agenda-melding Our need for community agenda-melding Bibliography Index
1,183 citations
Journal Article•
1,081 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make three points: first, the police need public support and cooperation to be effective in their order-maintenance role, and they particularly benefit when they have the voluntary support of most members of the public, most of the time.
Abstract: This article makes three points. First, the police need public support and cooperation to be effective in their order-maintenance role, and they particularly benefit when they have the voluntary support and cooperation of most members of the public, most of the time. Second, such voluntary support and cooperation is linked to judgments about the legitimacy of the police. A central reason people cooperate with the police is that they view them as legitimate legal authorities, entitled to be obeyed. Third, a key antecedent of public judgments about the legitimacy of the police and of policing activities involves public assessments of the manner in which the police exercise their authority. Such procedural-justice judgments are central to public evaluations of the police and influence such evaluations separately from assessments of police effectiveness in fighting crime. These findings suggest the importance of enhancing public views about the legitimacy of the police and suggest process-based strategies for...
967 citations
TL;DR: A review of the literature indicates that only four variables (age, contact with police, neighborhood, and race) have consistently been proven to consistently affect attitudes toward the police.
Abstract: This research updates and expands upon Decker’s article “Citizen attitudes toward the police: a review of past findings and suggestions for future policy” by summarizing the findings from more than 100 articles on perceptions of and attitudes toward the police. Initially, the value of research on attitudes toward the police is discussed. Then the research pertaining to the impact of individual level variables (e.g. race) and contextual level variables (e.g. neighborhood) on perceptions of the police is reviewed. Studies of juveniles’ attitudes toward the police, perceptions of police policies and practices, methodological issues and conceptual issues are also discussed. This review of the literature indicates that only four variables (age, contact with police, neighborhood, and race) have consistently been proven to affect attitudes toward the police. However, there are interactive effects between these and other variables which are not yet understood; a finding which indicates that theoretical generalizations about attitudes toward police should be made with caution.
578 citations