Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects
01 Mar 1999-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (American Society for Nutrition)-Vol. 69, Iss: 3, pp 403-410
TL;DR: It is concluded that the low-fat, plant stanol ester-containing margarines are effective cholesterol-lowering products in hypercholesterolemic subjects when used as part of a low-Fat, low-cholesterol diet.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The article was published on 1999-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 240 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Stanol ester & Plant stanol ester.
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TL;DR: A body of data indicates that a regular consumption of grain legumes may be useful both for the prevention of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension and for elucidating the mechanism of action and the actual effective components in legumes.
Abstract: The seeds of the plants of the Fabaceae, commonly known as “grain legumes” or “pulses,” are major foodstuffs in most countries In addition, these seeds may also provide some health benefits, in particular in the area of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension prevention Whereas the hypocholesterolemic activity of soy protein has been well known for decades and was finally supported by the health claim by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1999, similar information on non-soy legumes is scarce This paper reviews all such available data from animal models and human trials as well as information on the mechanism of action provided by in vitro studies, mainly on cell cultures or assays on specific enzymes This body of data indicates that a regular consumption of grain legumes may be useful both for the prevention of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension More investigations are needed, however, for elucidating the mechanism of action and the actual effective components in legumes
85 citations
Cites background from "Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–c..."
...The final outcomes are alterations in serum lipoproteins with significant decreases in LDLC concentrations (Davidson et al., 2001; Gylling et al., 1997; Hallikainen and Uusitupa, 1999; Maki et al., 2001; Matvienko et al., 2002; Miettinen et al., 1995; Neil et al., 2001; Ntanios and Duchateau, 2002)....
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TL;DR: It is concluded that plant stanol esters are preferable for the long-term management of hypercholesterolemia, as absorption of dietary plant sterols downregulates bile acid synthesis, which attenuates their cholesterol-lowering efficacy.
Abstract: Published data suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary plant sterol esters is less marked in longer-term than in short-term studies, whereas plant stanol esters maintain their efficacy. To investigate this further, healthy subjects and patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) receiving statins were randomized to receive plant sterol ester 1.6 g/day or plant stanol ester 1.6 g/day or 2.6 g/day for 2 months. There was no difference among the 3 groups in the pooled low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering response of FH patients and healthy subjects, but the effect of plant sterol diminished at 2 months and was not significantly different from baseline. This was accompanied by increases in serum plant sterols and a significant decrease in 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, a marker of bile acid synthesis, especially in FH patients not taking bile acid sequestrants. In contrast, plant stanol esters lowered significantly both LDL cholesterol and plant sterols at 2 months and had no effect on bile acid synthesis. Slight decreases in serum lipid-soluble antioxidants occurred with both plant sterol and stanol esters. Our findings suggest that absorption of dietary plant sterols downregulates bile acid synthesis, which attenuates their cholesterol-lowering efficacy. We conclude that plant stanol esters are preferable for the long-term management of hypercholesterolemia.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of pressure (20.5 to 32.0 MPa) and temperature (45 to 80 DC) for isothermal operation of the column on the composition of the resultant fractions were evaluated.
Abstract: Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO,). fractionation techniquewas evaluated as an altemativeprocess for reducing the free-fatty-acid (FFA) content and minimizing the phytosterolloss ofrice bran oil (REO) during the process. The effects of pressure (20.5 to 32.0 MPa) and temperature (45 to 80 DC) for isothermal operation of the column on the composition of the resultant fractions were exarnined.Low"pressureandhigh-temperature condi tions were found to befavorablefor minimizing triglycerides (TG) and phytosterol losses duringtheFFA removal from crude RBO. Rice bran oil fractions with < 1% FFA, about 95% TG, and 0.35% free sterol with 1.8%. oryzanol content could be obtained utilizing the described SC-C0 2 fractionation technique. KeyWords: deacidification, phytosterol, rice bran oil, SC·C0 2 fractionation
83 citations
01 Dec 1999
TL;DR: Stanol esters lowered TC and LDL-C levels in a mildly hypercholesterolemic US population without evidence of adverse effects and may be a useful dietary adjunct to lower cholesterol.
Abstract: Objective To determine the efficacy of stanol esters in lowering cholesterol in a US population. Subjects and Methods After a run-in phase, 318 subjects were randomized to receive one of the following margarine-like spreads containing stanol ester or placebo for 8 weeks: EU 3 G : 1 g of stanol (ester form) per 8-g serving of a European formula 3 times a day; US 3 G: 1 g of stanol (ester form) per 8-g serving of a US reformulation 3 times a day; US 2 G: 0.67 g of stanol (ester form) per 8-g serving of a US reformulation 3 times a day; or placebo spread. Results Mean ± SD baseline total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were 233±20 and 153±21 mg/dL, respectively. In the US 3 G group, 3 g daily of stanol esters lowered TC and LDL-C levels by 6.4% and 10.1%, respectively. There was a dose-dependent response compared with 2 g daily (US 2 G). Tri-glyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were unchanged. The incidence of adverse effects was not different from placebo. Serum vitamin A and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were not affected. Conclusions Stanol esters lowered TC and LDL-C levels in a mildly hypercholesterolemic US population without evidence of adverse effects. It may be a useful dietary adjunct to lower cholesterol.
83 citations
TL;DR: The potential of a diet rich in these compounds on the management of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemias is criticized and although their clinical use not always translates into clinical benefit, data are motivating.
82 citations
References
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TL;DR: Dairy therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD, and the fundamental approach to treatment is comparable.
Abstract: THE SECOND report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II, or ATP II) presents the National Cholesterol Education Program's updated recommendations for cholesterol management. It is similar to the first in general outline, and the fundamental approach to treatment of high blood cholesterol is comparable. This report continues to identify low-density lipoproteins (LDL) as the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. As in the first report, the second report emphasizes the role of the clinical approach in primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD. However, the second report contains new features that distinguish it from the first. These include the following: Increased emphasis on See also pp 3002 and 3009.
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Abstract: SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia.
Abstract: Background Dietary plant sterols, especially sitostanol, reduce serum cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. Soluble sitostanol may be more effective than a less soluble preparation. We tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia. Methods We conducted a one-year, randomized, double-blind study in 153 randomly selected subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. Fifty-one consumed margarine without sitostanol ester (the control group), and 102 consumed margarine containing sitostanol ester (1.8 or 2.6 g of sitostanol per day). Results The margarine containing sitostanol ester was well tolerated. The mean one-year reduction in serum cholesterol was 10.2 percent in the sitostanol group, as compared with an increase of 0.1 percent in the control group. The difference in the change in serum cholesterol concentration between the two groups was -24 mg per deciliter (95 percent confidence interval, -17 to -...
752 citations