Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects
01 Mar 1999-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (American Society for Nutrition)-Vol. 69, Iss: 3, pp 403-410
TL;DR: It is concluded that the low-fat, plant stanol ester-containing margarines are effective cholesterol-lowering products in hypercholesterolemic subjects when used as part of a low-Fat, low-cholesterol diet.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The article was published on 1999-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 240 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Stanol ester & Plant stanol ester.
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TL;DR: From the reports on their potential effectiveness against hypercholesterolemia, it is assumed that the botanicals have a major role to play in the management of hyperlipidemia, which needs further exploration for necessary development of drugs and nutraceuticals from natural resources.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on plant products with hypocholesterolemic potentials. C. arietinum has been found to have highly significant hypocholesterolemicaction in rats and rabbits. The hypocholesterolemic property is detected in lipid extracts of the plant, as well as in the defatted portion, the former being more potent in this respect. Its lipid-lowering action could possibly be attributed to inhibition of the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver and increased catabolism and excretion of cholesterol end products in the feces. In patients fed a high-fat diet, the supplementation of C. arietinum has been reported to lower serum lipids significantly. The hypocholesterolemic effect has been found to be associated with a statistically significant increase in 24-h fecal excretion of total bile acids, without any significant increase in neutral sterols. From the reports on their potential effectiveness against hypercholesterolemia, it is assumed that the botanicals have a major role to play in the management of hyperlipidemia, which needs further exploration for necessary development of drugs and nutraceuticals from natural resources. However, many herbal remedies used today have not undergone careful scientific assessment and some have the potential to cause serious toxic effects and major drug-to-drug interactions. Continuing research is necessary to elucidate the pharmacological activities of the many herbal remedies now being used to treat hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases.
63 citations
TL;DR: A new polyunsaturated margarine with added plant stanols, Benecol, has been introduced in the United States and in several European countries, and a similar margarine (Take Control) with added Plant sterols is available in theUnited States and will be introduced in Europe under the Flora label later this year as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A new polyunsaturated margarine with added plant stanols, Benecol, has been introduced in the United States and in several European countries, and a similar margarine (Take Control) with added plant sterols is available in theUnited States and will be introduced in Europe under the Flora label later this year. These products lower serum concentrations of cholesterol, but they are expensive.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14In the United States, the cost is about $4.00 for a 250-g tub. This article considers quantitatively the health aspects of adding plant sterols and stanols to margarines and other foods.
62 citations
TL;DR: A review of the use of plant sterols and stanols as cholesterol-lowering ingredients in foods and nutraceuticals preparations can be found in this article, where a 10-20% reduction in LDL cholesterol was reported.
Abstract: This article reviews developments related to the use of plant sterols and stanols as cholesterol-lowering ingredients in foods and nutraceuticals preparations. Plant sterols and stanols are extracted from the deodorizer distillates of vegetable oil refining and from tall oil, a by-product of paper pulping industry. Plant sterols/stanols inhibit cholesterol absorption possibly by competitively inhibiting its incorporation into the mixed micelles in the small intestine although other mechanisms can not be excluded. Daily consumption of 1-2 grams of plant sterols or stanols was shown to cause 10-20% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol). Combinations of plant sterols/stanols with certain lipid-lowering ingredients were shown to potentate their cholesterol-lowering effects and, in some cases, add triacylglycerol-lowering effects. In this article, patents based information is also discussed.
62 citations
TL;DR: Feeding of plant stanol esters dramatically reduced, independent of its sources, the extent and severity of atherosclerotic lesions, by decreasing VLDL-, IDL- and to a lesser extent LDL-cholesterol in apoE*3-Leiden transgenic mice.
60 citations
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TL;DR: In people with moderately raised plasma cholesterol concentrations consuming reduced-fat diets the reduction in plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations achieved by replacing butter with a polyunsaturated spread is enhanced by addition of plant sterols.
Abstract: Objective: To determine the effect of a plant sterol-enriched spread on plasma cholesterol concentrations when replacing butter or a standard polyunsaturated spread in a diet containing 30% of energy fat. Design: Parallel butter phase followed by double-blind, randomized, cross-over polyunsaturated spread phases. Setting: General community. Subjects: Volunteer sample of 50 free-living men and women with mean age (s.d.) 46.7 y (10.5), moderately elevated plasma total cholesterol 5.95 mmol/l (0.78), and body mass index 26.0 (3.9) kg/m2. Intervention: Participants ate a moderately low-fat diet (30% of energy) for the 11-week intervention. During the first 3 weeks the diet included 20 g per day of butter. Participants were then randomized to replace the butter with 25 g of polyunsaturated spread with or without 2 g of plant sterols for 4 weeks, crossing over in the last 4 weeks to the alternate spread. Main outcome measures: Plasma cholesterol and fatty acids. Results: Replacing butter with a standard polyunsaturated fat spread reduced mean plasma total cholesterol concentrations by 4.6% (from 6.09 (0.82) to 5.81 (0.77) mmol/l, P<0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 5.5% (from 3.98 (0.76) to 3.76 (0.74) mmol/l, P<0.05). Replacing butter with a polyunsaturated spread containing plant sterols reduced plasma total cholesterol by 8.9% (from 6.09 (0.82) to 5.55 (0.76) mmol/l, P<0.01) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12.3% (from 3.98 (0.76) to 3.49 (0.72) mmol/l, P<0.01). Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was the same on the three diets. Conclusion: In people with moderately raised plasma cholesterol concentrations consuming reduced-fat diets the reduction in plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations achieved by replacing butter with a polyunsaturated spread is enhanced by addition of plant sterols. Sponsorship: Partially funded by a grant to the University of Otago from Unilever Research.
59 citations
Cites background or result from "Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–c..."
...…where low-fat diets ( 30% of energy) have been used the cholesterollowering effect of plants sterols has been variable (5.2 – 10.6%; Denke, 1995; Hallikainen & Uusitupa, 1999; Hallikainen et al, 2000; Maki et al, 2001; Nigon, 2001), with no significant change reported in one study (Denke,…...
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...…the many studies that have examined the effects of plant sterols or stanols on lipids and lipoproteins have been carried out in the context of diets relatively low in total and saturated fatty acids (Denke, 1995; Hallikainen & Uusitupa, 1999; Hallikainen et al, 2000; Maki et al, 2001; Nigon, 2001)....
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...The order of magnitude of the changes in the two Finnish studies (Hallikainen & Uusitupa, 1999; Hallikainen et al, 2000) appeared slightly greater than that observed in the present study; the findings in the American (Maki et al, 2001) and French studies (Nigon, 2001) being virtually identical to…...
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...In the two studies (Hallikainen & Uusitupa, 1999; Hallikainen et al, 2000) that showed the largest decrease in serum cholesterol concentrations, participants adhered to diets that were highly prescribed rather than self-selected, as they would be outside a research setting....
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References
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TL;DR: Dairy therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD, and the fundamental approach to treatment is comparable.
Abstract: THE SECOND report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II, or ATP II) presents the National Cholesterol Education Program's updated recommendations for cholesterol management. It is similar to the first in general outline, and the fundamental approach to treatment of high blood cholesterol is comparable. This report continues to identify low-density lipoproteins (LDL) as the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. As in the first report, the second report emphasizes the role of the clinical approach in primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD. However, the second report contains new features that distinguish it from the first. These include the following: Increased emphasis on See also pp 3002 and 3009.
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Abstract: SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia.
Abstract: Background Dietary plant sterols, especially sitostanol, reduce serum cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. Soluble sitostanol may be more effective than a less soluble preparation. We tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia. Methods We conducted a one-year, randomized, double-blind study in 153 randomly selected subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. Fifty-one consumed margarine without sitostanol ester (the control group), and 102 consumed margarine containing sitostanol ester (1.8 or 2.6 g of sitostanol per day). Results The margarine containing sitostanol ester was well tolerated. The mean one-year reduction in serum cholesterol was 10.2 percent in the sitostanol group, as compared with an increase of 0.1 percent in the control group. The difference in the change in serum cholesterol concentration between the two groups was -24 mg per deciliter (95 percent confidence interval, -17 to -...
752 citations