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Journal ArticleDOI

Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects

01 Mar 1999-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (American Society for Nutrition)-Vol. 69, Iss: 3, pp 403-410
TL;DR: It is concluded that the low-fat, plant stanol ester-containing margarines are effective cholesterol-lowering products in hypercholesterolemic subjects when used as part of a low-Fat, low-cholesterol diet.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The article was published on 1999-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 240 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Stanol ester & Plant stanol ester.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Randomized, placebo-controlled studies indicate that 2-3 g/day of plant stanol ester significantly reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by about 10%-20%.
Abstract: Plant stanol ester has been shown in over 20 studies to be an effective and safe cholesterol-lowering substance. Randomized, placebo-controlled studies indicate that 2–3 g/day of plant stanol ester significantly reduces low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by about 10%–20%. These results have been consistently found in various groups, including young adult and elderly men, pre- and postmenopausal women, children with and without familial hypercholesterolemia, type II diabetics, and patients with coronary heart disease. Plant stanol ester has also been shown to significantly augment the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins. No clinically significant adverse effects have been detected in studies or in general use in Finland, where foods fortified with plant stanol ester have been available since 1995. Results of studies with plant stanol ester have important implications for both the clinical and public health approaches to coronary heart disease risk reduction.

25 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: FM-VP4 rapidly inhibits cholesterol accumulation within Caco-2 cell monolayers in a mode independent of pancreatic lipase activity, p-glycoprotein activity or cholesterol incorporation in micelles.
Abstract: Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine how a novel hydrophilic phytostanol (FM-VP4) affects the cellular accumulation of ( 3 H)cholesterol in human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cell monolayers grown in Transwell® chambers. Methods: To determine cellular accumulation of cholesterol and FM-VP4, ( 3 H)cholesterol- containing micelles (50 µM cholesterol containing 1.27x10 -4 % ( 3 H)cholesterol) or ( 3 H)FM-VP4 (50 µM) was incubated on the apical side of differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers for 1 to 4 h at 37° C in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations (10-200 µM) of unlabeled FM-VP4 or cholesterol, respectively. Results: The accumulation of ( 3 H)cholesterol (presented in micelles) into Caco-2 cell monolayers in the presence of 50 µM FM-VP4 was significantly lower (33.7 ± 7.0%) com- pared to control (59.8 ± 5.2%, p<0.05) following 4 h of incubation. Conversely, cholesterol inhibited the accumula- tion of ( 3 H)FM-VP4, although to a lesser extent, suggest- ing competition for binding sites. The inhibitory effects of FM-VP4 and cholesterol on each other were detectable after 1 h of incubation and increased with time. The extent of FM-VP4 inhibition of ( 3 H)cholesterol accumulation was consistent whether FM-VP4 was co-incorporated into micelles or added separately in solution, suggesting that FM-VP4 does not elicit its effects through inhibition of cholesterol incorporation into micelles. In addition, pan- creatic lipase activity (( 3 H)triolein hydrolysis) and p-glyco- protein (rhodamine 123 fluorescence) activity, were not affected by FM-VP4. Conclusions: In conclusion, FM- VP4 rapidly inhibits cholesterol accumulation within Caco-2 cell monolayers in a mode independent of pancre- atic lipase activity, p-glycoprotein activity or cholesterol incorporation in micelles.

24 citations


Cites background from "Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–c..."

  • ...Numerous studies have been published (4-30) in which various other phytosterol mixtures were used to reduce plasma cholesterol levels without modifying plasma HDLcholesterol nor triglyceride levels....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study shows that stanyl esters dissolved in margarine do not detectably interfere in a short-term study with the absorption of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene or retinol measured by a 24 h oral fat-load test.
Abstract: Stanyl esters dissolved in margarine inhibit cholesterol absorption, lower sterol absorption in general, and lower serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and plant sterol levels. To find out whether stanyl esters inhibit absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and beta-carotene in acute experiments, we performed two fat-tolerance tests fortified with vitamins (retinol 0.9-3.7 mg, alpha-tocopherol 70-581 mg), beta-carotene (25-150 mg) and squalene (0.5 g) with and without 1 g of stanyl ester added to the test meal in ten healthy men. The concentrations or areas under the curves (AUC) of cholesterol, triacylglycerols, squalene and alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinyl palmitate showed typical postprandial changes in serum, chylomicrons, VLDL and VLDL infranatant (intermediate-density lipoproteins, LDL and HDL) over 24 h after the test meal without stanyl esters, and they were not affected by the addition of stanyl esters. The post-absorptive serum campesterol concentration and campesterol : cholesterol were significantly lowered at 6-9 h by stanyl ester supplementation, reflecting reduced sterol absorption efficiency. Changes in vitamin and beta-carotene AUC did not correlate with the given doses. In conclusion, the present study shows that stanyl esters dissolved in margarine do not detectably interfere in a short-term study with the absorption of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene or retinol measured by a 24 h oral fat-load test.

24 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: By identifying patients with elevated low-density lipoprotein levels and instituting appropriate lipid-lowering therapy, family physicians could help prevent cardiovascular events and death in many of their patients.
Abstract: Primary and secondary prevention trials have shown that use of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (also known as statins) to lower an elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level can substantially reduce coronary events and death from coronary heart disease. In 1987 and 1993, the National Cholesterol Education Program promulgated guidelines for cholesterol screening and treatment. Thus far, however, primary care physicians have inadequately adopted these guidelines in clinical practice. A 1991 study found that cholesterol screening was performed in only 23 percent of patients. Consequently, many patients with elevated low-density lipoprotein levels and a high risk of primary or recurrent ischemic events remain unidentified and untreated. A study published in 1998 found that fewer than 15 percent of patients with known coronary heart disease have low-density lipoprotein levels at the recommended level of below 100 mg per dL (2.60 mmol per L). By identifying patients with elevated low-density lipoprotein levels and instituting appropriate lipid-lowering therapy, family physicians could help prevent cardiovascular events and death in many of their patients.

23 citations


Cites background from "Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–c..."

  • ...reduction in the average daily intake of saturated fat and cholesterol occurs in the first few weeks after the initiation of dietary modifications.(14) With a given amount of dietary change, lipid levels do not show further improvement as the patient continues to adhere to the low-fat diet for a longer period....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
16 Jun 1993-JAMA
TL;DR: Dairy therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD, and the fundamental approach to treatment is comparable.
Abstract: THE SECOND report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II, or ATP II) presents the National Cholesterol Education Program's updated recommendations for cholesterol management. It is similar to the first in general outline, and the fundamental approach to treatment of high blood cholesterol is comparable. This report continues to identify low-density lipoproteins (LDL) as the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. As in the first report, the second report emphasizes the role of the clinical approach in primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD. However, the second report contains new features that distinguish it from the first. These include the following: Increased emphasis on See also pp 3002 and 3009.

28,495 citations

Book
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In an ultrasonic alarm detector of the doppler detection type, the improvement comprising a second transmitter transducer disposed remote from the detector and driven from the master oscillator at the detector thereby extending the operating range of the detector to up to twice the range attainable without the second transmitter Transducer.
Abstract: SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

1,643 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia.
Abstract: Background Dietary plant sterols, especially sitostanol, reduce serum cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. Soluble sitostanol may be more effective than a less soluble preparation. We tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia. Methods We conducted a one-year, randomized, double-blind study in 153 randomly selected subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. Fifty-one consumed margarine without sitostanol ester (the control group), and 102 consumed margarine containing sitostanol ester (1.8 or 2.6 g of sitostanol per day). Results The margarine containing sitostanol ester was well tolerated. The mean one-year reduction in serum cholesterol was 10.2 percent in the sitostanol group, as compared with an increase of 0.1 percent in the control group. The difference in the change in serum cholesterol concentration between the two groups was -24 mg per deciliter (95 percent confidence interval, -17 to -...

752 citations