Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects
01 Mar 1999-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (American Society for Nutrition)-Vol. 69, Iss: 3, pp 403-410
TL;DR: It is concluded that the low-fat, plant stanol ester-containing margarines are effective cholesterol-lowering products in hypercholesterolemic subjects when used as part of a low-Fat, low-cholesterol diet.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The article was published on 1999-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 240 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Stanol ester & Plant stanol ester.
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TL;DR: An evidence-based systematic review of beta-sitosterol, sitosterol (22,23-dihydrostigmasterol, 24-ethylcholesterol) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale.
Abstract: An evidence-based systematic review of beta-sitosterol, sitosterol (22,23-dihydrostigmasterol, 24-ethylcholesterol) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
17 citations
Cites background or methods from "Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–c..."
...…shown to lower TC as well as LDL-C in RCTs (Ayesh et al., 1999; Baker et al., 2009; Cicero et al., 2002; Davidson et al., 2001; Fuentes et al., 2008; Hallikainen & Uusitupa, 1999; Hallikainen et al., 1999; Heinemann et al., 1986; Hernandez-Mijares et al., 2011; Homma et al., 2003; Jones, 1999;…...
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...…& Gotto, 1976; Zak et al., 1990), 1991–2000 (Ayesh et al., 1999; Becker et al., 1992; Cobb et al., 1997; Denke, 1995; Gylling et al., 1995, 1997; Hallikainen & Uusitupa, 1999; Hallikainen et al., 1999, 2000; Heinemann et al., 1991; Ho & Pal, 2004; Jones, 1999; Jones et al., 1998, 1999;…...
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...…plant sterols, including beta-sitosterol (Ayesh et al., 1999; Cicero et al., 2002; Davidson et al., 2001; Fuentes et al., 2008; Gylling et al., 2010; Hallikainen & Uusitupa, 1999; Hallikainen et al., 1999; Heinemann et al., 1986; Hendriks et al., 2003; Homma et al., 2003; Jones, 1999; Jones et…...
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...Data from other clinical trials contradict this and suggest a lack of effect of beta-sitosterol on HDL-C (Hallikainen & Uusitupa, 1999; Hallikainen et al., 1999; Jones et al., 1999; Mensink et al., 2002; Nguyen et al., 1999; Oster et al., 1976; Plat et al., 2000; Tammi et al., 2000; Weisweiler et…...
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...…shown to lower TC as well as LDL-C in RCTs (Ayesh et al., 1999; Baker et al., 2009; Cicero et al., 2002; Davidson et al., 2001; Fuentes et al., 2008; Hallikainen & Uusitupa, 1999; Hallikainen et al., 1999; Heinemann et al., 1986; Hernandez-Mijares et al., 2011; Homma et al., 2003; Jones, 1999;…...
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TL;DR: The ingestion of PSE spread significantly reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoprotein B, however, the response to PSE ingestion was not influenced by apolipoprotein E phenotype.
17 citations
TL;DR: Several studies have validated the cholesterol lowering effect of phytosterols and stanols along with its role in prevention of coronary heart diseases and the long term potential for the creation of innovative functional foods containing plant sterols and their derivatives is increased.
Abstract: Phytosterols or stanols are large group of compounds found exclusively in plants. These are naturally present in plants and are structurally similar to cholesterol. A daily intake of 3 g of phytosterol (or their reduced form stanols) is associated with consistent and reproducible reduction in LDL cholesterol concentrations upto 10% and reduces the risk of coronary heart disease by 20% over a lifetime. Studies have concluded that the effective doses for reduction of cholesterol are between 1.5 and 3g/day, leading to decrease in 8% and 15% of LDL-cholesterol. The principal mechanism of action is based on interference with the solubilization of the cholesterol in the intestinal mucosa. Several studies have validated the cholesterol lowering effect of phytosterols and stanols along with its role in prevention of coronary heart diseases. Plant sterols and stanols appear to be unhazardous to health in a large number of human studies and no evidence of toxicity even at high dose levels has been reported. Changing lifestyle, constant stress and risk towards various diseases have necessitated the need of such vital neutraceuticals to be incorporated in diet and daily food items. Such new foods and formulations should pave the way for greater use of phytosterols in heart health promotion, increasing the long term potential for the creation of innovative functional foods containing plant sterols and their derivatives.
17 citations
TL;DR: There is strong scientific evidence supporting the use of plant sterols/stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, niacin, folate, vitamin B6/B12, and tree nuts, but there has been a lack of evidence for the health benefits of garlic and antioxidants.
Abstract: More than 100 million people in the United States report using nutritional supplements. Most people are under the impression that nutritional supplements offer health benefits and are closely regulated to ensure safety and efficacy. Unfortunately, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 allows for the promotion of nutritional supplements without review by the United States Food and Drug Administration; therefore, it is important to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these supplements. There is strong scientific evidence supporting the use of plant sterols/stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, niacin, folate, vitamin B6/B12, and tree nuts. There is potential evidence for the health benefits of soy protein, tea extracts, policosanol, guggulipids, coenzyme Q10, and L-arginine. There has been a lack of evidence for the health benefits of garlic and antioxidants.
16 citations
TL;DR: In conclusion, incorporating plant stanols into a biscuit is an attractive, convenient, and acceptable way to modestly lower elevated cholesterol concentrations and should be consumed with a meal as part of a healthy diet.
Abstract: This study’s aim was to test the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol- (LDL-c-) lowering efficacy of biscuits containing 2 g of plant stanols, which corresponded to 3.4 g of plant stanol esters. The biscuit is a new food format that can be consumed as a snack. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel design study, 119 mildly to moderately hypercholesterolemic volunteers were randomized to plant stanol or control groups. Subjects were comparable in age, gender, lipid profiles, and body mass index. They consumed a control biscuit once a day for a two-week period, followed by a four-week intervention period that either had a plant stanol ester biscuit or a control. During the habitual diet, one biscuit per day was consumed at any time that subjects wished. Serum lipid profiles were measured at the first day of run-in, at baseline, and at the study’s end. Compared to the control, the total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, and the LDL-to-high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) ratio had serum reductions of 4.9%, 6.1%, and 4.3%, respectively, and were observed after 4 weeks of biscuit consumption with added plant stanols (P < 0.05). A significantly higher reduction in LDL-c (8.9%) and LDL/HDL ratio (11.4%) was measured in those taking a plant stanol biscuit with a meal compared to those who consumed a plant stanol biscuit without other food. In conclusion, incorporating plant stanols into a biscuit is an attractive, convenient, and acceptable way to modestly lower elevated cholesterol concentrations. For optimal efficacy, biscuits should be consumed with a meal as part of a healthy diet.
16 citations
References
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TL;DR: Dairy therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD, and the fundamental approach to treatment is comparable.
Abstract: THE SECOND report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II, or ATP II) presents the National Cholesterol Education Program's updated recommendations for cholesterol management. It is similar to the first in general outline, and the fundamental approach to treatment of high blood cholesterol is comparable. This report continues to identify low-density lipoproteins (LDL) as the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. As in the first report, the second report emphasizes the role of the clinical approach in primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD. However, the second report contains new features that distinguish it from the first. These include the following: Increased emphasis on See also pp 3002 and 3009.
28,495 citations
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Abstract: SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia.
Abstract: Background Dietary plant sterols, especially sitostanol, reduce serum cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. Soluble sitostanol may be more effective than a less soluble preparation. We tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia. Methods We conducted a one-year, randomized, double-blind study in 153 randomly selected subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. Fifty-one consumed margarine without sitostanol ester (the control group), and 102 consumed margarine containing sitostanol ester (1.8 or 2.6 g of sitostanol per day). Results The margarine containing sitostanol ester was well tolerated. The mean one-year reduction in serum cholesterol was 10.2 percent in the sitostanol group, as compared with an increase of 0.1 percent in the control group. The difference in the change in serum cholesterol concentration between the two groups was -24 mg per deciliter (95 percent confidence interval, -17 to -...
752 citations