Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects
01 Mar 1999-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (American Society for Nutrition)-Vol. 69, Iss: 3, pp 403-410
TL;DR: It is concluded that the low-fat, plant stanol ester-containing margarines are effective cholesterol-lowering products in hypercholesterolemic subjects when used as part of a low-Fat, low-cholesterol diet.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The article was published on 1999-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 240 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Stanol ester & Plant stanol ester.
Citations
More filters
01 Jan 2010
3 citations
TL;DR: Evidence-based medicine strongly supports clinical benefit from the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in men and women with and without known coronary artery disease, and the main goal should be ensure that patients who could benefit from lipid-lowering therapy are effectively treated and followed to ensure long-term compliance, efficacy, and safety.
3 citations
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: The use of phytosterols as ingredients of functio- nal foods and nutraceutics for lowering cholesterol and prevention of cardiovascular diseases has increased in the last years.
Abstract: There is a marked trend at world level for increasing the functional food consumption, because of the most popular concept of a healthy diet, with prevention and nutrition effect at the same time. Cholesterol lowering products have a key figure in this market. This work analyzed the sources and extraction methods most used for commercial obtainment of phytosterols, their forms and the current market position were also analyzed. The interest in the use of phytosterols as ingredients of functio- nal foods and nutraceutics for lowering cholesterol and prevention of cardiovascular diseases has increased in the last years. There is a large variety of products in world market and a sustained market growing is expected. The sources most employed for commercial purposes are deodorization destilled from vegetal oil refination and tall oil, using conventional extraction systems: saponification, followed by extraction-purification-crystallization steps with organic solvents. Recently, new methods have been developed for lipid extraction from vegetable sources, as ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction, but they have been less studied for phytosterols and they have not reached industrial level. The current tendency in phytosterols use is focus in the consumption of nutraceutics and functional foods, the last being the most popular one, and margarines are the leader product, by Cognis, ADM and Raisio mainly, that control 79 % of total market.
3 citations
01 May 2001
TL;DR: The kinetics and metabolism of squalene in the postprandial state and after intravenous administration in humans were studied, and it is found thatSqualene metabolism is age dependent.
Abstract: 8 ABBREVIATIONS ACAT Acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase ANOVA Analysis of variance Apo Apolipoprotein AUC Area under curve AUIC Area under incremental curve BMI Body mass index CETP Cholesteryl ester transfer protein d Density GLC Gas-liquid chromatography HDL High-density lipoprotein HMG-CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A HPLC High-pressure liquid chromatography HSPG Heparan sulphate proteoglycan IDL Intermediate-density lipoprotein LCAT Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase LDL Low-density lipoprotein LPL Lipoprotein lipase LRP LDL receptor-related protein PLTP Phospholipid transfer protein SR-BI Scavenger receptor class B type I VLDL Very low-density lipoprotein 9 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS This thesis is based on the following original articles, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. In addition, some unpublished data are presented. and squalene metabolism is age dependent. Dietary squalene increases cholesterol synthesis measured with serum non-cholesterol sterols after a single oral dose in humans. Fate of intravenously administered squalene and plant sterols in human subjects. A and squalene clearances and cholesterol synthesis off and on lovastatin treatment in type III hyper-lipoproteinemia. ABSTRACT Squalene, a non-steroid obligate precursor of cholesterol, is derived from both de novo synthesis from acetyl coenzyme A and from diet. Little is known of the postprandial metabolism of squalene. However, recent evidence exists that squalene may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis such that the removal of postprandial squalene was retarded in women with coronary artery disease. Accordingly, the kinetics and metabolism of squalene in the postprandial state and after intravenous administration in humans were studied. An oral fat load test with 0.5 g of squalene was performed in six young (22-25 years) and eight old (78-79 years) males to learn whether postprandial squalene metabolism is affected by age. The acute effects of a single dose of squalene on cholesterol synthesis as measured by cholesterol precursor sterols in postprandial lipoproteins were studied in 16 subjects who underwent two oral fat challenges in random order, one with 0.5 g of squalene supplement and the other without. Removal of squalene from chylomicrons was investigated in six subjects by giving an intravenous bolus injection of artificial chylomicron-like lipid emulsion (Intralipid R) enriched with squalene. To learn whether inhibition of cholesterol absorption with a subsequent increase in cholesterol synthesis reduces postprandial squalene concentrations, three oral fat challenges with 0.5 g of squalene in each were performed in 11 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects before and during stanol ester (3g/day) consumption. The latter two tests were performed during stanol ester …
3 citations
TL;DR: A small leftward shift in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol distribution of the adult Australian population has the potential to save about 3000 lives from coronary heart disease and stroke annually.
Abstract: Aim: To quantify the number of premature deaths from coronary heart disease and ischaemic stroke that potentially could be avoided annually among the Australian population if a sustained 10% reduction in the mean population level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were to be achieved. Methods: Data were obtained on the number of deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke in the Australian population, subdivided into age and sex strata, and on the mean population level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Published relative risks (95% CI) from a meta-analysis of lipid-lowering therapy were used to calculate the reduction in the relative risk for coronary heart disease and stroke associated with a 5%, 10% and 15% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The expected number of deaths from coronary heart disease and ischaemic stroke avoidable with a 10% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was modelled. Secondary analyses were performed assuming reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 5% and 15%. Results: A 10% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol would prevent 2279 deaths from coronary heart disease (95% CI: 2025-2531 deaths) and 641 deaths from ischaemic stroke (95% CI: 440-881 deaths). The projected benefits are greatest among the elderly, although some benefit would be expected in all age and sex groups and among individuals with a broad range of baseline levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions: A small leftward shift in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol distribution of the adult Australian population has the potential to save about 3000 lives from coronary heart disease and stroke annually. Achieving this goal will require the active participation of key public health, food industry and government stakeholders.
3 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: Dairy therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD, and the fundamental approach to treatment is comparable.
Abstract: THE SECOND report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II, or ATP II) presents the National Cholesterol Education Program's updated recommendations for cholesterol management. It is similar to the first in general outline, and the fundamental approach to treatment of high blood cholesterol is comparable. This report continues to identify low-density lipoproteins (LDL) as the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. As in the first report, the second report emphasizes the role of the clinical approach in primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD. However, the second report contains new features that distinguish it from the first. These include the following: Increased emphasis on See also pp 3002 and 3009.
28,495 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In an ultrasonic alarm detector of the doppler detection type, the improvement comprising a second transmitter transducer disposed remote from the detector and driven from the master oscillator at the detector thereby extending the operating range of the detector to up to twice the range attainable without the second transmitter Transducer.
Abstract: SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
1,643 citations
1,177 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia.
Abstract: Background Dietary plant sterols, especially sitostanol, reduce serum cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. Soluble sitostanol may be more effective than a less soluble preparation. We tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia. Methods We conducted a one-year, randomized, double-blind study in 153 randomly selected subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. Fifty-one consumed margarine without sitostanol ester (the control group), and 102 consumed margarine containing sitostanol ester (1.8 or 2.6 g of sitostanol per day). Results The margarine containing sitostanol ester was well tolerated. The mean one-year reduction in serum cholesterol was 10.2 percent in the sitostanol group, as compared with an increase of 0.1 percent in the control group. The difference in the change in serum cholesterol concentration between the two groups was -24 mg per deciliter (95 percent confidence interval, -17 to -...
752 citations